A composition for preventing or treating synucleinopathies, which includes nevirapine or a salt or solvate thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, is provided. The composition is useful in preventing or treating synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy, because the composition serves to hinder cell-to-cell transmission of α-synuclein, prevent intracellular aggregation of α-synuclein, and inhibit transmission of aggregated α-synuclein.

Compounds of the formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein A and B together represent an optionally substituted, fused aromatic ring; X can be NR.sup.X or CR.sup.XR.sup.Y; if X=NR.sup.X then n is 1 or 2 and if X=CR.sup.XR.sup.Y then n is 1; R.sup.X is selected from the group consisting of H, optionally substituted C.sub.1-20 alkyl, C.sub.5-20 aryl, C.sub.3-20 heterocyclyl, amido, thioamido, ester, acyl, and sulfonyl groups; R.sup.Y is selected from H, hydroxy, amino; or R.sup.X and R.sup.Y may together form a spiro-C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl group; R.sup.C1 and R.sup.C2 are both hydrogen, or when X is CR.sup.XR.sup.Y, R.sup.C1, R.sup.C2, R.sup.X and R.sup.Y, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, may form an optionally substituted fused aromatic ring; and
R.sup.1 is selected from H and halo.

Compounds of the formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein A and B together represent an optionally substituted, fused aromatic ring; X can be NR.sup.X or CR.sup.XR.sup.Y; if X=NR.sup.X then n is 1 or 2 and if X=CR.sup.XR.sup.Y then n is 1; R.sup.X is selected from the group consisting of H, optionally substituted C.sub.1-20 alkyl, C.sub.5-20 aryl, C.sub.3-20 heterocyclyl, amido, thioamido, ester, acyl, and sulfonyl groups; R.sup.Y is selected from H, hydroxy, amino; or R.sup.X and R.sup.Y may together form a spiro-C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl group; R.sup.C1 and R.sup.C2 are both hydrogen, or when X is CR.sup.XR.sup.Y, R.sup.C1, R.sup.C2, R.sup.X and R.sup.Y, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, may form an optionally substituted fused aromatic ring; and
R.sup.1 is selected from H and halo.

A salt of a neuroceutical and of an acid, wherein the neuroceutical is a substituted benzodiazepine, a substituted benzothiazepine, a substituted pyridopyrimidines or a substituted amino-cyclohexaneacetic acid; and the acid is benzoic acid, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid and tannic acid. The molar ratio of the neuroceutical and the acid in the salt ranges from about 6:1 to about 1:5. Also disclosed herein are compositions comprising the neuroceutical salt and therapeutic uses thereof for treating a central nervous system (CNS) disorder or a metabolic disorder associated with the CNS disorder.

Provided herein are methods of treating neurodevelopmental disorders, including the treatment of Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), with pharmaceutical compositions containing heat shock protein (Hsp) inhibitors and/or mTOR inhibitors. Also provided herein are methods for inhibiting mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity and/or increasing or normalizing ciliation.

Provided are methods for reducing substance consumption by subjects. In some embodiments, the presently disclosed methods include administering to a subject in need thereof a composition that includes an effective amount of an inhibitor of an EHMT2/G9A biological activity. In some embodiments, the inhibitor of an EHMT2/G9A biological activity is a small molecule inhibitor, a nucleic acid-based inhibitor, and anti-EHMT2/G9A antibody or a fragment or derivative thereof, or any combination thereof. Also provided are methods for reducing relapse vulnerability in subjects that have Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) and/or another substance use disorder. In some embodiments, the presently disclosed methods further include administering at least one additional therapy to subjects, including but not limited to behavioral therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapies.

Provided are methods for reducing substance consumption by subjects. In some embodiments, the presently disclosed methods include administering to a subject in need thereof a composition that includes an effective amount of an inhibitor of an EHMT2/G9A biological activity. In some embodiments, the inhibitor of an EHMT2/G9A biological activity is a small molecule inhibitor, a nucleic acid-based inhibitor, and anti-EHMT2/G9A antibody or a fragment or derivative thereof, or any combination thereof. Also provided are methods for reducing relapse vulnerability in subjects that have Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) and/or another substance use disorder. In some embodiments, the presently disclosed methods further include administering at least one additional therapy to subjects, including but not limited to behavioral therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapies.

Provided are methods for reducing substance consumption by subjects. In some embodiments, the presently disclosed methods include administering to a subject in need thereof a composition that includes an effective amount of an inhibitor of an EHMT2/G9A biological activity. In some embodiments, the inhibitor of an EHMT2/G9A biological activity is a small molecule inhibitor, a nucleic acid-based inhibitor, and anti-EHMT2/G9A antibody or a fragment or derivative thereof, or any combination thereof. Also provided are methods for reducing relapse vulnerability in subjects that have Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) and/or another substance use disorder. In some embodiments, the presently disclosed methods further include administering at least one additional therapy to subjects, including but not limited to behavioral therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapies.

The invention provides an agent for promoting adhesion of a corneal endothelial cell, containing a Rho kinase inhibitor, as well as a culture medium for a corneal endothelial cell, a solution for preservation of cornea, and a method of producing a corneal endothelial preparation, which includes culturing the corneal endothelial cell using the aforementioned culture medium.

Heterocyclic entities that modulate PI3 kinase activity, pharmaceutical compositions containing the heterocyclic entities, and methods of using these chemical entities for treating diseases and conditions associated with PI3 kinase activity are described herein.