A system and method for providing fertilizer for crop production in an aqueous solution comprising nano-sized fertilizer particles, which are free of any chemical side chain and free any micelle to protect the nano-sized particle from re-agglomeration, suspended therein for improved uptake by the population of the crop.

The invention provides methods and kits for ordering sequence information derived from one or more target polynucleotides. In one aspect, one or more tiers or levels of fragmentation and aliquoting are generated, after which sequence information is obtained from fragments in a final level or tier. Each fragment in such final tier is from a particular aliquot, which, in turn, is from a particular aliquot of a prior tier, and so on. For every fragment of an aliquot in the final tier, the aliquots from which it was derived at every prior tier is known, or can be discerned. Thus, identical sequences from overlapping fragments from different aliquots can be distinguished and grouped as being derived from the same or different fragments from prior tiers. When the fragments in the final tier are sequenced, overlapping sequence regions of fragments in different aliquots are used to register the fragments so that non-overlapping regions are ordered. In one aspect, this process is carried out in a hierarchical fashion until the one or more target polynucleotides are characterized, e.g. by their nucleic acid sequences, or by an ordering of sequence segments, or by an ordering of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), or the like.

Random arrays of single molecules are provided for carrying out large scale analyses, particularly of biomolecules, such as genomic DNA, cDNAs, proteins, and the like. In one aspect, arrays of the invention comprise concatemers of DNA fragments that are randomly disposed on a regular array of discrete spaced apart regions, such that substantially all such regions contain no more than a single concatemer.

Nanochannel arrays that enable high-throughput macromolecular analysis are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of preparing nanochannel arrays and nanofluidic chips. Methods of analyzing macromolecules, such as entire strands of genomic DNA, are also disclosed, as well as systems for carrying out these methods.

A biosensing platform capable of high throughput mechanochemical biosensing comprising a DNA origami nanostructure having a plurality of slots into which recognition elements are strategically placed and apparatus that senses a change in the origami nanostructure in response to the introduction of a target where the apparatus includes a signal transduction unit and signal sensor which exploits mechanical signals in a recognition element which signal includes one or more mechanical tension or mechanochemical rearrangement event. The nanostructure is preferably a 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional arrangement of tiles linked by locking elements, such as aptamers that will open in response to an event such as exposure to a drug molecule, DNA, RNA or protein target.

A system and method for providing fertilizer for crop production in an aqueous solution comprising nano-sized fertilizer particles, which are free of any chemical side chain and free any micelle to protect the nano-sized particle from re-agglomeration, suspended therein for improved uptake by the population of the crop.

Random arrays of single molecules are provided for carrying out large scale analyses, particularly of biomolecules, such as genomic DNA, cDNAs, proteins, and the like. In one aspect, arrays of the invention comprise concatemers of DNA fragments that are randomly disposed on a regular array of discrete spaced apart regions, such that substantially all such regions contain no more than a single concatemer.

A process for producing a light emitting diode device, the process including: forming a plurality of quantum dots on a surface of a layer including a first area and a second area, the forming including: exposing the first area of the surface to light having a first wavelength while exposing the first area to a quantum dot forming environment that causes the quantum dots in the first area to form at a first growth rate while the quantum dots have a dimension less than a first threshold dimension; exposing the second area of the surface to light having a second wavelength while exposing the second area to the quantum dot forming environment that causes the quantum dots in the second area to form at a third growth rate while the quantum dots have a dimension less than a second threshold dimension; and processing the layer to form the LED device.

A system and method for providing fertilizer for crop production in an aqueous solution comprising nano-sized fertilizer particles, which are free of any chemical side chain and free any micelle to protect the nano-sized particle from re-agglomeration, suspended therein for improved uptake by the population of the crop.

Certain dithio-compounds have been found to be superior capping ligands for quantum dot (QD) nanoparticles. Example dithio-ligands include dithiocarbamate ligands. These strongly binding ligands are capable of coordinating to both positive and negative atoms on the surface of the nanoparticle. The ligands are bi-dentate and thus their approach to the QD surface is not as sterically hindered as is the approach of mono-dentate ligands. These ligands can therefore completely saturate the QD surface.