The present invention relates to a gene expression cassette including a strong promoter derived from lactic acid bacteria, and a gene expression vector including the same. According to the present invention, a large amount of a human protein, the physiological activity of which has been verified, may be stably produced with high efficiency by introducing a useful foreign gene into an expression vector and transforming probiotics with the expression vector. Through the production of this protein, it is possible to provide a basis for developing functional probiotics and making products using them.

The present invention relates to a gene expression cassette including a strong promoter derived from lactic acid bacteria, and a gene expression vector including the same. According to the present invention, a large amount of a human protein, the physiological activity of which has been verified, may be stably produced with high efficiency by introducing a useful foreign gene into an expression vector and transforming probiotics with the expression vector. Through the production of this protein, it is possible to provide a basis for developing functional probiotics and making products using them.

A nutritional composition comprises fucosylated human milk oligosaccharide and/or sialylated human milk oligosaccha-ride, non-digestible, fermentable polysaccharide, and Bifidobacterium. The nutritional composition is free of short-chain fructooligosac-charide having at least about 50% of molecules with a degree of polymerization of less than about 5. A method of treating a subject at risk of developing a Clostridium difficile infection or a subject having a Clostridium difficile infection comprises administering such a nutritional composition.

A nutritional composition comprises fucosylated human milk oligosaccharide and/or sialylated human milk oligosaccha-ride, non-digestible, fermentable polysaccharide, and Bifidobacterium. The nutritional composition is free of short-chain fructooligosac-charide having at least about 50% of molecules with a degree of polymerization of less than about 5. A method of treating a subject at risk of developing a Clostridium difficile infection or a subject having a Clostridium difficile infection comprises administering such a nutritional composition.

The disclosure provides methods and compositions for the preservation of bacteria. Aspects of the present disclosure provide methods of preparing a preserved bacterial composition comprising flash freezing a bacterial composition and lyophilizing the flash frozen bacterial composition to produce a preserved bacterial composition. In some embodiments, the bacterial composition comprises one or more bacterial strains. In some embodiments, the one or more bacterial strains comprise one or more anaerobic bacterial strains. In some embodiments, the anaerobic bacterial strains are strict anaerobic bacteria.

The present disclosure provides technologies for modulating microbiome of mammalian subjects (e.g., human subjects). The present disclosure, among others, provides therapeutic compositions and methods of using the same, wherein the therapeutic compositions comprising an engineered population of therapeutic bacteria that (i) are non-pathogenic and commensal in a subject to be administered; and (ii) are resistant to one or more target bacteriophages. In some embodiments, such therapeutic compositions can be useful for treatment of subjects suffering from or susceptible to a microbiome-dysfunction-associated disease, disorder, or condition (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease).

The present disclosure provides technologies for modulating microbiome of mammalian subjects (e.g., human subjects). The present disclosure, among others, provides therapeutic compositions and methods of using the same, wherein the therapeutic compositions comprising an engineered population of therapeutic bacteria that (i) are non-pathogenic and commensal in a subject to be administered; and (ii) are resistant to one or more target bacteriophages. In some embodiments, such therapeutic compositions can be useful for treatment of subjects suffering from or susceptible to a microbiome-dysfunction-associated disease, disorder, or condition (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease).

This application relates to a pharmaceutical composition for anti-inflammation, including a probiotic and an antibiotic, and a method of preventing or treating inflammation by using the same. In one aspect, the method includes locally administrating a probiotic and an antibiotic to an inflamed area of a subject.

This application relates to a pharmaceutical composition for anti-inflammation, including a probiotic and an antibiotic, and a method of preventing or treating inflammation by using the same. In one aspect, the method includes locally administrating a probiotic and an antibiotic to an inflamed area of a subject.

The technology described herein is directed to compositions and methods for modulating serotonin in a subject. Described herein are compositions comprising viable or non-viable serotonin modulating bacteria, conditioned medium(s) of serotonin-modulating bacteria, cell pellet(s) of serotonin modulating bacteria, and/or metabolites and/or proteins derived from serotonin-modulating bacteria. Also described herein are methods of treating serotonin-related disease or disorders.