Pharmaceutical compositions containing microbial entities are described herein. The pharmaceutical compositions may optionally contain or be used in conjunction with one or more prebiotics. Uses of the pharmaceutical compositions to treat or prevent disorders of the local or systemic microbiome in a subject are also provided.

Pharmaceutical compositions containing microbial entities are described herein. The pharmaceutical compositions may optionally contain or be used in conjunction with one or more prebiotics. Uses of the pharmaceutical compositions to treat or prevent disorders of the local or systemic microbiome in a subject are also provided.

Provided is a method for improving metabolism, including administering to a subject in need thereof a composition including a kirin fruit ferment obtained by fermenting an aqueous extract of a kirin fruit with yeast, lactic acid bacteria, and an acetic acid bacteria, sequentially. The kirin fruit ferment inhibits an expression level of Naa10p gene, increases the activity of mitochondria in beige adipocytes, increases the activity of mitochondria in skeletal muscle cells, promotes the proliferation of skeletal muscle cells, reduces insulin resistance, reduces the content of advanced glycation end products in blood, reduces the content of triglycerides, reduces the arteriosclerosis index, and reduces the liver injury indicator.

Provided is a method for improving metabolism, including administering to a subject in need thereof a composition including a kirin fruit ferment obtained by fermenting an aqueous extract of a kirin fruit with yeast, lactic acid bacteria, and an acetic acid bacteria, sequentially. The kirin fruit ferment inhibits an expression level of Naa10p gene, increases the activity of mitochondria in beige adipocytes, increases the activity of mitochondria in skeletal muscle cells, promotes the proliferation of skeletal muscle cells, reduces insulin resistance, reduces the content of advanced glycation end products in blood, reduces the content of triglycerides, reduces the arteriosclerosis index, and reduces the liver injury indicator.

Disclosed herein is method for increasing vitamin B12 levels in a subject comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising: at least one strain of bacteria wherein the at least one strain of bacteria comprises Propionibacterium freudenreichii UF (UF1). In certain embodiments, the UF1 is probiotic. In certain implementations, the administration of the composition increases the subject's serum B12 levels by at least about 10% relative to the subject's serum B12 level prior to administration of the composition. In further embodiments, the administration of the composition confers at least on benefit on the subject selected from; an increase in serum levels of at least one of vitamin B2, B5, B6, B9, and/or B12; an increase in at least one of tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine; increased propionic acid, immune system modulation and/or augmentation, regulation of TH17 cells; and/or reduction in pro-inflammatory metabolites.

Disclosed herein is method for increasing vitamin B12 levels in a subject comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising: at least one strain of bacteria wherein the at least one strain of bacteria comprises Propionibacterium freudenreichii UF (UF1). In certain embodiments, the UF1 is probiotic. In certain implementations, the administration of the composition increases the subject's serum B12 levels by at least about 10% relative to the subject's serum B12 level prior to administration of the composition. In further embodiments, the administration of the composition confers at least on benefit on the subject selected from; an increase in serum levels of at least one of vitamin B2, B5, B6, B9, and/or B12; an increase in at least one of tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine; increased propionic acid, immune system modulation and/or augmentation, regulation of TH17 cells; and/or reduction in pro-inflammatory metabolites.

Disclosed herein is method for increasing vitamin B12 levels in a subject comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising: at least one strain of bacteria wherein the at least one strain of bacteria comprises Propionibacterium freudenreichii UF (UF1). In certain embodiments, the UF1 is probiotic. In certain implementations, the administration of the composition increases the subject's serum B12 levels by at least about 10% relative to the subject's serum B12 level prior to administration of the composition. In further embodiments, the administration of the composition confers at least on benefit on the subject selected from; an increase in serum levels of at least one of vitamin B2, B5, B6, B9, and/or B12; an increase in at least one of tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine; increased propionic acid, immune system modulation and/or augmentation, regulation of TH17 cells; and/or reduction in pro-inflammatory metabolites.

A self-film-forming composition in powder form, a reconstituted formula and a kit for oral use are provided, which allow an adequate colonization of the probiotic in the oral cavities together with a sufficient residence time to allow beneficial effects against the pathogens related with oral conditions. Thus, the items provided are useful for the prevention and/or treatment of a condition related to alterations of the oral microbiota, and specifically for peri-implantitis. The self-film-forming composition in powder form comprises at least a gelifier agent and/or at least a bioadhesive agent, and at least one lactic acid bacteria strain.

A self-film-forming composition in powder form, a reconstituted formula and a kit for oral use are provided, which allow an adequate colonization of the probiotic in the oral cavities together with a sufficient residence time to allow beneficial effects against the pathogens related with oral conditions. Thus, the items provided are useful for the prevention and/or treatment of a condition related to alterations of the oral microbiota, and specifically for peri-implantitis. The self-film-forming composition in powder form comprises at least a gelifier agent and/or at least a bioadhesive agent, and at least one lactic acid bacteria strain.

The present invention relates to a composition comprising lactoferrin for oral use as an antiviral, preferably for use in the treatment of viral infections of the respiratory system and of symptoms or disorders deriving from, or relating to, said viral infections, preferably SARS-coronavirus viral infections (e.g. COVID-19).