A wet pipe fire protection sprinkler system and method of operating a wet pipe fire sprinkler system includes providing a sprinkler system having a pipe network, a source of water for the pipe network, at least one sprinkler head connected with the pipe network and a drain valve for draining the pipe network. An inert gas source, such as a nitrogen gas source, is connected with the pipe network. Inert gas is supplied from the inert gas source to the pipe network. Water is supplied to the pipe network thereby substantially filling the pipe network with water and compressing the inert gas in the pipe network.

A wet pipe fire protection sprinkler system and method of operating a wet pipe fire sprinkler system includes providing a sprinkler system having a pipe network, a source of water for the pipe network, at least one sprinkler head connected with the pipe network and a drain valve for draining the pipe network. An inert gas source, such as a nitrogen gas source, is connected with the pipe network. Inert gas is supplied from the inert gas source to the pipe network. Water is supplied to the pipe network thereby substantially filling the pipe network with water and compressing the inert gas in the pipe network.

A wet pipe fire protection sprinkler system and method of operating a wet pipe fire sprinkler system includes providing a sprinkler system having a pipe network, a source of water for the pipe network, at least one sprinkler head connected with the pipe network and a drain valve for draining the pipe network. An inert gas source, such as a nitrogen gas source, is connected with the pipe network. Inert gas is supplied from the inert gas source to the pipe network. Water is supplied to the pipe network thereby substantially filling the pipe network with water and compressing the inert gas in the pipe network.

A fluid connector includes an extending section having a spiked end to pierce a container port. The extending section includes at least one air conduit and at least one fluid conduit therethrough. The extending section further includes first and second abutment members. The first abutment member is adapted to abut a first or air side of the container port upon piercing of the container port, and the second abutment member, which is spaced from the first abutment member, is adapted to abut a second or fluid side of the container port. The fluid connector can further include grasping members extending from the extending section to facilitate rotation of the extending section relative to the container port during piercing thereof. The fluid connector can also include a check valve in fluid connection with the at least one air conduit. The check valve may be positioned within the extending section.

The pressure of compressed air supplied to an object to be filled with air is controlled at a specified pressure or less without using a relief valve. Given that a cylinder volume (stroke volume) during a piston moves from the lower dead point to the top dead point is V1, a cylinder volume (compression volume) when the piston reaches the top dead point is V2, the atmospheric pressure is P.sub.0, and the specified pressure is P.sub.P, the compression volume V2 in the compressor system satisfies the following expression (1). The diameter D of the air intake hole of an air intake valve provided on the piston is 3 to 15 mm.
0.8{V1P.sub.0/(P.sub.PP.sub.0)}=<V2<1.0{V1P.sub.0/(P.sub.PP.sub.0)}(1)

A high-purity phosphorus oxychloride safety feed system improves continuity and intelligent control of operation and usage, addresses alarm reporting, takes measures when leakage of high purity phosphorus oxychloride occurs, and solves problem of on-site and remote monitoring and material liquid level monitoring during use. The feeding device is provided with: an automatic tail gas exhaust outlet, a high purity phosphorus oxychloride gas leakage detection alarm, a video surveillance camera, a low liquid level detection alarm, an LED illuminating lamp, and an observation window.

An adjustable inert gas generation assembly for producing a flow of inert gas for introduction into a pipe network of a fire protection system includes an inert gas generator with an outlet in fluid communication with the pipe network and configured for selectively producing a flow of inert gas to the pipe network at least at a first purity level and a second purity level, wherein the first purity level is produced while the assembly is in a first mode and the second purity level is produced while the assembly is in a second mode; wherein the second purity level is higher than the first purity level; and a control circuit in electrical communication with the inert gas generator and configured to selectively switch the inert gas generator between the first and second modes.

Diaphragm joint and convolutions, bottom screen diffuser, air stem, cap, and diaphragm restrictor systems for a pressure vessel are disclosed. A convoluted diaphragm divides the vessel into a pair of sealed chambers. The convoluted geometry of the diaphragm minimizes stress on the diaphragm at maximum displacement conditions. An H-ring, with or without being over-molded by the convoluted diaphragm, may be configured to receive end portions of the tank liners. A bottom diffuser, coupled to an inlet of the vessel, diffuses and mixes water flowing into and out of the vessel and drains water out of the vessel. Fiberglass windings surround and lock the tank liners in tension. The cap system includes a valve cap that engages an air stem. An outer cap covers a recess of the vessel and includes a hollow cavity that receives the valve cap. A diaphragm restrictor limits upward movement of the diaphragm within the vessel.

An adjustable inert gas generation assembly for producing a flow of inert gas for introduction into a pipe network of a fire protection system includes an inert gas generator with an outlet in fluid communication with the pipe network and configured for selectively producing a flow of inert gas to the pipe network at least at a first purity level and a second purity level, wherein the first purity level is produced while the assembly is in a first mode and the second purity level is produced while the assembly is in a second mode; wherein the second purity level is higher than the first purity level; and a control circuit in electrical communication with the inert gas generator and configured to selectively switch the inert gas generator between the first and second modes.

A liquid distribution system having at least one liquid conduit extending from a liquid source to a liquid tap and a method for substantially retaining the temperature of a liquid in the liquid distribution system. When a tapping operation is finished, the liquid is evacuated from the liquid conduit, and a gas is brought into the liquid conduit in order to replace the liquid therein and cause the liquid to flow backwards to the liquid source. When liquid is to be tapped from the liquid tap, the gas is evacuated from the liquid conduit.