This disclosure relates to methods and compositions with enhanced levels of one or more tyramine containing hydroxycinnamic acid amides. Also disclosed herein are methods for producing a consumable product with enhanced levels of a tyramine containing hydroxycinnamic acid amide. Some embodiments relate to a composition enriched with a tyramine containing hydroxycinnamic acid.

A method for modulating metabolism is provided which includes the step of providing a consumable composition including an extract containing a compound of Formula I to a subject in need thereof thereby modulating the subject's metabolism and addressing the underlying pathogenesis of metabolic disorders, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and type II diabetes mellitus.

A composition for inhibiting the attachment of microbes to an animate or inanimate surface is disclosed. The composition includes a carrier and an effective amount of an anti-adherent agent. The anti-adherent agents include botanical agents such Soybean extract, Horse chestnut extract, Gypenoside, Resveratrol, Astragalus extract, Rhubarb rootextract, Allium cepaextract, Cassia seedextract, Ginkgo bilobaextract, and Silymarin, and combinations thereof. The efficacy of the botanical agents is microbe and surface dependent. Various delivery vehicles, including a wipe, may be used to deliver the composition to the surface.

Provided are methods for inhibiting immune responses against microbial antigens. In some embodiments, the methods include administering to the subject a composition containing a plurality of plant-derived exosome-like particles to inhibit immune esponses against microbial antigens. Also provided are methods for inhibiting development of septic shock in subjects, for inhibiting development of cytokine storm in subjects, and for inhibiting SARS-CoV-2-induced cytopathogenic effect. Also provided are compositions that include an exosome-derived nanoparticle comprising a first lipid bilayer and a second lipid bilayer coating the exosome-like nanoparticle and/or fused with the first lipid bilayer, wherein the second lipid bilayer comprises a targeting molecule, and methods for using the compositions to treat diseases, disorders, and conditions and/or to target a therapeutic agent to a cell, tissue, and/or organ of interest.

Provided are methods for inhibiting immune responses against microbial antigens. In some embodiments, the methods include administering to the subject a composition containing a plurality of plant-derived exosome-like particles to inhibit immune esponses against microbial antigens. Also provided are methods for inhibiting development of septic shock in subjects, for inhibiting development of cytokine storm in subjects, and for inhibiting SARS-CoV-2-induced cytopathogenic effect. Also provided are compositions that include an exosome-derived nanoparticle comprising a first lipid bilayer and a second lipid bilayer coating the exosome-like nanoparticle and/or fused with the first lipid bilayer, wherein the second lipid bilayer comprises a targeting molecule, and methods for using the compositions to treat diseases, disorders, and conditions and/or to target a therapeutic agent to a cell, tissue, and/or organ of interest.

Provided are methods for inhibiting immune responses against microbial antigens. In some embodiments, the methods include administering to the subject a composition containing a plurality of plant-derived exosome-like particles to inhibit immune esponses against microbial antigens. Also provided are methods for inhibiting development of septic shock in subjects, for inhibiting development of cytokine storm in subjects, and for inhibiting SARS-CoV-2-induced cytopathogenic effect. Also provided are compositions that include an exosome-derived nanoparticle comprising a first lipid bilayer and a second lipid bilayer coating the exosome-like nanoparticle and/or fused with the first lipid bilayer, wherein the second lipid bilayer comprises a targeting molecule, and methods for using the compositions to treat diseases, disorders, and conditions and/or to target a therapeutic agent to a cell, tissue, and/or organ of interest.

Synergistic herbal compositions for Testosterone boosting comprising at least two ingredients selected from the extracts, fractions or pure phytochemicals derived from Punica granatum, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Nigella sativa, Brassica nigra and Mangifera indica for improving testosterone levels and alleviating symptoms associated with low levels of testosterone hormone in humans. The present invention also describes a synergistic composition comprising at least one testosterone booster ingredient selected from the extracts, fractions or pure phytochemical derived from Punica granatum, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Nigella sativa, Brassica nigra and Mangifera indica and at least one aromatase inhibitor ingredient selected from the extracts, fractions or pure phytochemicals derived from Allium cepa, Tamarindus indica and Cinnamomum tamala for improving testosterone levels and alleviating symptoms associated with low levels of testosterone hormone in humans. The invention further provides methods of improving testosterone levels and alleviating symptoms associated with low levels of testosterone hormone in humans.

Synergistic herbal compositions for Testosterone boosting comprising at least two ingredients selected from the extracts, fractions or pure phytochemicals derived from Punica granatum, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Nigella sativa, Brassica nigra and Mangifera indica for improving testosterone levels and alleviating symptoms associated with low levels of testosterone hormone in humans. The present invention also describes a synergistic composition comprising at least one testosterone booster ingredient selected from the extracts, fractions or pure phytochemical derived from Punica granatum, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Nigella sativa, Brassica nigra and Mangifera indica and at least one aromatase inhibitor ingredient selected from the extracts, fractions or pure phytochemicals derived from Allium cepa, Tamarindus indica and Cinnamomum tamala for improving testosterone levels and alleviating symptoms associated with low levels of testosterone hormone in humans. The invention further provides methods of improving testosterone levels and alleviating symptoms associated with low levels of testosterone hormone in humans.

Synergistic herbal compositions for Testosterone boosting comprising at least two ingredients selected from the extracts, fractions or pure phytochemicals derived from Punica granatum, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Nigella sativa, Brassica nigra and Mangifera indica for improving testosterone levels and alleviating symptoms associated with low levels of testosterone hormone in humans. The present invention also describes a synergistic composition comprising at least one testosterone booster ingredient selected from the extracts, fractions or pure phytochemical derived from Punica granatum, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Nigella sativa, Brassica nigra and Mangifera indica and at least one aromatase inhibitor ingredient selected from the extracts, fractions or pure phytochemicals derived from Allium cepa, Tamarindus indica and Cinnamomum tamala for improving testosterone levels and alleviating symptoms associated with low levels of testosterone hormone in humans. The invention further provides methods of improving testosterone levels and alleviating symptoms associated with low levels of testosterone hormone in humans.

An immunomodulator useful for modulating immune function and maintaining intravital homeostasis is provided. The immunomodulator comprises S-1-propenycysteine or a salt thereof as an active ingredient.