A reservoir for one or more chemical reactants has means for heating the reactants and optional means for stirring the reactants. A pumped reactant feed line and a return line provide fluid communication between the reservoir and a 4-way valve system. The 4-way valve system is also in fluid communication with a reactor vessel and a source of inert gas for purging the system. In a first state, the 4-way valve provides fluid communication between the reservoir and the reactor. In a second state, the 4-way valve provides a continuous circulation path for the heated reactants from the reservoir, to the valve system, and back to the reservoir via the return line. In a third state, the 4-way valve provides a fluid pathway for purging the reactor with inert gas. In a fourth state, the 4-way valve provides a fluid pathway for purging the reservoir with inert gas.

A shower head having a stem, a spray head coupled to the stem and including a plurality of outlets for discharging water into at least one spray pattern, and a mixing valve located within the stem. The mixing valve has a housing having a first inlet, a second inlet and an outlet; a first flow control valve for controlling the flow of a first fluid from the first inlet to the outlet; and a second flow control valve for controlling the flow of a second fluid from the second inlet to the outlet. The shower head also has a touchscreen user interface located on a surface of the shower head, wherein the touchscreen user interface allows a user to control at least one of a temperature or a flow rate of fluid from the outlet to the spray head by controlling the first and second flow control valves.

A shower head that includes a stem, a spray head coupled to the stem and including a plurality of outlets for discharging water into at least one spray pattern, and a valve provided within one of the stem and the spray head. The valve has a body including a waterway located therein for water to flow through, and a flow control valve located within the body and configured to control the flow of water to the plurality of outlets. The shower head also includes an electric heater extending through at least a portion of the body of the valve and configured to heat at least a portion of the body to an elevated temperature sufficient to kill organisms within the waterway.

A faucet that includes a base, a spout, a valve body, a first flow control valve, a second flow control valve, and an electric heater. The valve body includes a first end section, a second end section having an outlet, and a center section provided between the end sections and including first and second inlets configured to receive cold and hot water, respectively. The first flow control valve is located within a first waterway of the valve body to control the flow of cold water, and the second flow control valve is located within a second waterway of the valve body to control the flow of hot water. The electric heater extends through the valve body and is configured to heat a surface defining at least a part of one of the first and second waterways of the valve body to an elevated temperature sufficient to kill organisms therein.

A valve system includes a valve, a valve controller, a thermoelectric cooler, and a controller. The valve is configured to open and close a control device in response to a working fluid. The valve controller controls the flow of the working fluid through the valve. The thermoelectric cooler surrounds the valve controller transfers heat between the valve controller and an ambient environment. The controller directs a current to drive the thermoelectric cooler.

A valve including a housing having a first inlet chamber defined by a first chamber wall and configured to receive the cold water, a second inlet chamber defined by a second chamber wall and configured to receive the hot water, and a mixing chamber configured to receive the cold water from the first inlet chamber and the hot water from the second inlet chamber, wherein at least a portion of the mixing chamber is located between the first and second chamber walls; a first flow control valve extending through the first inlet chamber and moveable relative to the housing for controlling the flow of cold water from the first inlet chamber to the mixing chamber; and a second flow control valve extending through the second inlet chamber and moveable relative to the housing for controlling the flow of hot water from the second inlet chamber to the mixing chamber.

A shower head having a stem; a spray head coupled to the stem; a mixing valve located within the stem or the spray head, the mixing valve having a first valve member assembly for controlling a first fluid flow to a mixing chamber and a second valve member assembly for controlling a second fluid flow to the mixing chamber. Each valve member assembly includes a spool, a first valve member on the spool that engages with a first valve seat in a closed position and a second valve member on the spool that engages with a second, separate, valve seat in the closed position. An electrically powered first motor is located within the stem or the spray head. The first motor is coupled to the first valve member assembly to control movement of the first valve member assembly to control the flow of the first fluid to the mixing chamber.

A showerhead that is configured to receive a supply of cold water and a supply of hot water. The showerhead includes a body, a mixing valve within the body that includes a first actuator within the mixing valve for controlling a first flow control valve within the mixing valve and a second actuator within the mixing valve for controlling a second flow control valve within the mixing valve, and a controller on or within the body that is configured to send a control signal to control actuation of the first actuator and the second actuator.

A mixing valve having a housing and first and second flow control valves. The housing has a mixing chamber, a first outlet, and a second outlet. The first flow control valve controls fluid flow through the first outlet to the mixing chamber, and the second flow control valve controls fluid flow through the second outlet to the mixing chamber. The first and second outlets each have a size so that the mixing valve has a flow coefficient of approximately 2.5 in a mid-open position of both flow control valves, and the housing has a length dimension, a width dimension, and a thickness dimension, and the largest of these dimensions is no more than approximately 65 millimeters.

A mixing valve includes a mixing chamber, a first flow control valve having a first flow control opening, and a second flow control valve having a second flow control opening. The first and second flow control openings each have a diameter of approximately six millimeters and the mixing valve has a flow coefficient of approximately 2.5 when both flow control valves are in a mid-open position.