The invention features sincalide formulations that include an effective amount of sincalide, a bulking agent/tonicity adjuster, a stabilizer, a surfactant, a chelator, and a buffer. The invention also features kits and methods for preparing improved sincalide formulations as well as methods for treating, preventing, and diagnosting gall bladder-related disorders using sincalide formulations.

The invention relates to vectors and mammalian cells in a system useful for switching on or switching off gene expression in response to fatty acids, and a method of treating diet-induced obesity. In particular, a synthetic intracellular lipid-sensing receptor was constructed that constantly monitors blood fatty acid levels, processes diet-associated hyperlipidemia and coordinates reversible and adjustable expression of the anorectic peptide hormone pramlintide to reduce dietary intake, blood fat levels and body weight.

The present invention relates, inter alia, to certain peptide conjugates, and to the use of the conjugates in the treatment of a variety of diseases or disorders, including diabetes (type 1 and/or type 2) and diabetes related diseases or disorders.

A gastrin analogue shows high uptake in CCK-2 receptor positive tumors and simultaneously a very low accumulation in the kidneys. This is achieved by a mini-gastrin analogue PP-F11 having the formula: PP-F11-X-DGlu-DGlu-DGlu-DGlu-DGlu-DGlu-Ala-Tyr-Gly-Trp-Y-Asp-Phe-NH.sub.2, wherein Y is an amino acid replacing methionine and X is a chemical group attached to the peptide for diagnostic and/or therapeutic intervention at CCK-2 receptor relevant diseases. Very suitable compounds with respect to a high tumor to kidney ratio are mini-gastrin analogues with six D-glutamic acids or six glutamines. These compounds still possess a methionine which can be oxidized easily which is a disadvantage for clinical application under GMP due to the forms which may occur. The elimination of the methionine leads to a lower affinity to oxidation which in general favors the tumor-kidney-ratio. Ideally, the methionine is replaced by norleucine. This PP-F11N mini gastrin exhibits currently the best tumor-kidney-ratio and is the most promising candidate.

A method of alleviation or therapy of tinnitus in a subject in need thereof includes the step of administrating a CCK-B receptor agonist to the subject. A CCK-B receptor agonist is used for alleviation or therapy of tinnitus in a subject in need thereof.

Disclosed herein are methods for treating type 1 diabetes by reversing autoimmunity and replenishing beta cells. More specifically, type 1 diabetes is treated by administering exogenous Sox9+ cells and a low dose of gastrin and epidermal growth factor (GE) under hyperglycemia or medium hyperglycemia condition during or after induction of mixed chimerism in a subject.

Disclosed herein are methods for treating type 1 diabetes by reversing autoimmunity and replenishing beta cells. More specifically, type 1 diabetes is treated by administering exogenous Sox9+ cells and a low dose of gastrin and epidermal growth factor (GE) under hyperglycemia or medium hyperglycemia condition during or after induction of mixed chimerism in a subject.

The present invention relates to improved Sincalide ready-to-use formulations. The presently disclosed formulations eliminate the need for freeze drying and reconstitution with water for injection at the time of use. The present invention also relates to Sincalide formulations characterized by improved stability and ease of commercial manufacturing.

Provided herein, inter alia, are compositions and methods for treating diabetes in a subject in need thereof. The methods include administering to the subject gastrin-treated islet cells.

Provided herein, inter alia, are compositions and methods for treating diabetes in a subject in need thereof. The methods include administering to the subject gastrin-treated islet cells.