The invention provides compositions and methods for inducing activating a neural receptor. The compositions include a metabolic hormone, which can be used to provide treatment for an addiction or mood disorder in a subject.

Pentacyclic triterpene compounds are provided herein. Also provided are pharmaceutical formulations containing a therapeutically effective amount of one or more of the compounds, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs thereof, in combination with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. The pharmaceutical formulations can be administered to a pre-obese, obese, or morbidly obese patient to induce weight loss, reduce body fat, reduce food intake, improve glucose homeostasis, prevent obesity, or a combination thereof. The compounds can also be co-administered with leptin or a leptin analog.

Pentacyclic triterpene compounds are provided herein. Also provided are pharmaceutical formulations containing a therapeutically effective amount of one or more of the compounds, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs thereof, in combination with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. The pharmaceutical formulations can be administered to a pre-obese, obese, or morbidly obese patient to induce weight loss, reduce body fat, reduce food intake, improve glucose homeostasis, prevent obesity, or a combination thereof. The compounds can also be co-administered with leptin or a leptin analog.

Methods and compositions using a combination of adenosine monophosphate protein kinase (AMPK) activators for treating pain such as post-surgical pain or development of chronic pain. The two or more AMPK activators work synergistically and may be administered in individually sub-efficacious doses. The AMPK activators may have different mechanisms of AMPK activation. The AMPK activators may be administered systemically and/or topically in, for example, as a gel, ointment, cream, lotion, suspension, liquid, or transdermal patch.

Pentacyclic triterpene weight loss agents are provided herein. Also provided are pharmaceutical formulations containing a therapeutically effective amount of one or more of the weight loss agents, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs thereof, in combination with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. The pharmaceutical formulations can be administered to a pre-obese, obese, or morbidly obese patient to induce weight loss, reduce body fat, reduce food intake, improve glucose homeostasis, prevent obesity, or a combination thereof. The weight loss agents can also be co-administered with leptin or a leptin analog.

Pentacyclic triterpene weight loss agents are provided herein. Also provided are pharmaceutical formulations containing a therapeutically effective amount of one or more of the weight loss agents, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs thereof, in combination with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. The pharmaceutical formulations can be administered to a pre-obese, obese, or morbidly obese patient to induce weight loss, reduce body fat, reduce food intake, improve glucose homeostasis, prevent obesity, or a combination thereof. The weight loss agents can also be co-administered with leptin or a leptin analog.

The present invention relates to exendin-4 derivatives and their medical use, for example in the treatment of disorders of the metabolic syndrome, including diabetes and obesity, as well as reduction of excess food intake.

The present invention relates to exendin-4 derivatives and their medical use, for example in the treatment of disorders of the metabolic syndrome, including diabetes and obesity, as well as reduction of excess food intake.

The present invention relates to a glucagon derivative, a long-acting conjugate of the glucagon derivative, and a use thereof.

The present invention relates to a glucagon derivative, a long-acting conjugate of the glucagon derivative, and a use thereof.