In particular embodiments, the present disclosure provides targets including a metal layer and defining a hollow inner surface. The hollow inner surface has an internal apex. The distance between at least two opposing points of the internal apex is less than about 15 m. In particular examples, the distance is less than about 1 m. Particular implementations of the targets are free standing. The targets have a number of disclosed shaped, including cones, pyramids, hemispheres, and capped structures. The present disclosure also provides arrays of such targets. Also provided are methods of forming targets, such as the disclosed targets, using lithographic techniques, such as photolithographic techniques. In particular examples, a target mold is formed from a silicon wafer and then one or more sides of the mold are coated with a target material, such as one or more metals.

A sandwich structure employs a core sheet including alternating peaks and valleys therein, and at least one outer face sheet including grooves or ribs therein. In another aspect, a sandwich structure includes at least one core and at least one adhesively bonded outer face sheet including elongated grooves or ribs formed therein. Yet another aspect of a sandwich structure has raised ridges bridging between adjacent peaks in a core sheet in one direction but not in a perpendicular direction, which synergistically interface, engage or contact with grooves or ribs formed in an outer face sheet.

A structural component is provided comprising a base member comprising at least two sidewalls and a space therebetween, the base member having a predetermined curvilinear configuration formed using hot stretch forming. The structural component comprises at least one reinforcing member linear friction welded to the at least two sidewalls so that the reinforcing member is positioned at least partially within the space between the at least two sidewalls.

The present invention provides a new aluminum alloy material which may be used for a core alloy of a corrosion-resistant brazing sheet. This core alloy displays with high strength, and good corrosion resistance for use in heat exchangers. This aluminum alloy material was made by direct chill (DC) casting. The present inventions also provides corrosion-resistant brazing sheet packages including the aluminum alloy material as a core and one or more cladding layers.

This application discloses a corrosion-resistant brazing sheet package for use in manufacturing tubing. The brazing sheet package includes a core layer of aluminum-containing alloy comprising from 0.1 wt % to 0.2 wt % of titanium. The core layer has a first side and a second side. The first side of the core layer is adjacent to a first cladding layer to form a first interface. The second side of the core layer is adjacent to a second cladding layer to form a second interface. The first cladding layer and the second cladding layer each include from 2.5 wt % to 4.0 wt % of zinc.

A self-aligning, double wire corner bead for fireproofing structural steel along a plurality of surfaces, the corner bead having a single strip of welded wire fabric cut to a predetermined width for the fireproofing thickness and bent along a plurality of longitudinally extending lines, to provide a profile having a plurality of dihedral angles is disclosed. A nose is installed along two edges. A method of finishing the corners for fireproofing of structural steel member using an improved corner bead includes the step of attaching the corner bead through a lath to the structural steel member utilizing fasteners. The mesh of the corner bead provides a dam to form a roughened surface on the first application of fireproofing material until it hardens.

A spacer structure for a sandwich construction, formed from a material web which is provided with a plurality of cuts and which has a material web plane as a first plane, wherein, by forming the material web, at least one support platform is formed in portions which is spaced at a distance from the first plane and is arranged in a second plane. Spacing elements run along a direction of extent (E) from the first plane into the second plane in the transition zone from the first plane into the second plane and thus the spacing elements space the first plane apart from the support platform, the spacing elements having a twist about the direction of extent thereof along the direction of extent thereof (E), the twist being formed by the shaping of the material web being performed as bending.

A pivot clip includes a substantially planar body defining an outside edge and an inside edge opposite the outside edge, the inside edge partially defining a notch; and a pair of arms extending from the inside edge, the notch formed between the pair of arms, the pair of arms angled relative to the substantially planar body such that the pair of arms are noncoplanar with the substantially planar body.

A steel part includes a steel sheet substrate and a coating on at least one surface of the steel sheet substrate. The coating includes between 0.2 and 0.7% by weight of Al, with a remainder of the metal coating being Zn and inevitable impurities. The steel sheet substrate and the coating have at least one deformation. An outer surface of the coating has a waviness Wa.sub.0.8 of less than or equal to 0.43 m.

A finish part including a metal body, a metal engagement arm extending integrally from the body, a detent depending from the arm, the detent being formed from the metal of the arm that is plastically deformed out of a plane of the arm. A method for installing a finish part including aligning the engagement arm of the finish part with an opening in a structure upon which the part is to be installed, and urging the engagement arm and the detent into the opening. A structure including a frame having exposed unfinished surfaces, and the metal finish part disposed upon the unfinished surface and that finishes the unfinished surface.