A refractory metal plate is provided. The plate has a center, a thickness, an edge, a top surface and a bottom surface, and has a crystallographic texture (as characterized by through thickness gradient, banding severity; and variation across the plate, for each of the texture components 100//ND and 111//ND, which is substantially uniform throughout the plate.

A multilayer steel includes a core formed of transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steel. A decarburized layer is exterior to the core on at least one side thereof. The decarburized layer has reduced carbon content relative to the core. A zinc-based layer is exterior to the decarburized layer. The decarburized layer may have a composition of at least 80 percent ferrite, such that LME is reduced or mitigated. In some configurations, the decarburized layer is between 10-50 microns thick. A method of creating a coated advanced high-strength steel component is also provided. An apparatus for forming a coated advanced high-strength steel is also provided. The core of the multilayer steel may have a carbon weight-percent of less than or equal to 0.4. The decarburized layer of the multilayer steel may have a carbon weight-percent of less than or equal to 50 percent of the carbon weight-percent of the core.

A method for producing a thermal barrier in a multilayered system for protecting a metal part made of superalloy, by producing a thermal treatment by flash sintering protection materials in layers superposed on the metal part in an SPS machine enclosure. The layers contain, on a superalloy substrate, at least two layers of zirconium-based refractory ceramics. A metal part is produced according to a SPS flash sintering method and contains a superalloy substrate, a metal sub-layer, a TGO oxide layer and the thermal barrier formed by the method. A first ceramic is an inner ceramic designed to have a substantially higher expansion coefficient. An outer ceramic is designed to have at least lower thermal conductivity, and at least one of a sintering temperature or maximum operating temperature that is substantially higher. The thermal barrier has a composition and porosity gradient from the metal sub-layer to the outer ceramic.

A superalloy target wherein the superalloy target has a polycrystalline structure of random grain orientation, the average grain size in the structure is smaller than 20 ?m, and the porosity in the structure is smaller than 10%. Furthermore, the invention includes a method of producing a superalloy target by powder metallurgical production, wherein the powder-metallurgical production starts from alloyed powder (s) of a superalloy and includes the step of spark plasma sintering (SPS) of the alloyed powder (s).

The invention relates to a metal strip which is produced from steel by hot rolling and by cold rolling of the metal strip. The invention also relates to a blank produced from the metal strip, the use of the metal strip, and to a method of producing it. The object of providing metal strip from which components of minimum weight which are adapted to specific loads can be produced with little cost or complication is achieved by metal strip of the generic kind which, after the cold rolling, is of constant thickness and has, section by section, regions whose mechanical properties vary. What after the cold rolling means, for the purposes of the present invention, is that, immediately on completion of the cold rolling, i.e. without any further treatment such as heat treatment, regions whose mechanical properties vary are present in the metal strip.

A method of manufacturing a circuit substrate includes the steps of preparing a conductor paste in which a powder of at least one of a metal boride and a metal silicide is added to a powder of silver (Ag), applying the conductor paste to a surface of a ceramic substrate which has been fired, applying a glass paste to the surface of the ceramic substrate after applying the conductor paste, firing the conductor paste applied to the surface so as to form a conductor trace, and firing the glass paste applied to the surface so as to form a coating layer.

A laminate includes: an insulating substrate; an intermediate layer formed on a surface of the substrate and containing a metal or an alloy as a main component; and a metal film formed of a copper powder having a hydrogen content of 0.002% by mass or less and laminated on the intermediate layer. An interface between the intermediate layer and the metal film is plastically deformed.

A method of manufacturing a carbon nanotube composite includes: a laminate forming step of forming, on a conductive base material made of a first metal having conductivity, a buffer layer made of a second metal capable of mutual diffusion with the first metal, and forming, on the buffer layer, a catalyst layer made of seed catalyst particles which catalyze formation of carbon nanotubes; a buffer layer diffusion step of performing heat treatment on the laminate; and a carbon nanotube layer forming step of forming the carbon nanotubes on the catalyst layer of the laminate by a chemical vapor deposition method, wherein the heat treatment is performed so as to form a solid phase diffusion region where the first metal and the second metal are solid-phase diffused from a surface of the conductive base material to a predetermined depth selected from depths of 850 nm or more.

A steel sheet having a tensile strength (TS) of 1180 MPa or more, high LME resistance, and good weld fatigue properties. The steel sheet has a specific chemical composition and a specific steel microstructure. Crystal grains containing an oxide of Si and/or Mn in a region within 4.9 ?m in a thickness direction from a surface of the steel sheet have an average grain size in the range of 3 to 10 ?m, the lowest Si concentration L.sub.Si and the lowest Mn concentration L.sub.Mn in the region within 4.9 ?m in the thickness direction from the surface of the steel sheet and a Si concentration T.sub.Si and a Mn concentration T.sub.Mn at a quarter thickness position of the steel sheet satisfy a specified formula.

A guiding member, having a body provided with a bore for mounting a mobile element is presented. The body consists of a metallic material. The bore has a surface layer treated against jamming over a diffusion depth of less than or equal to 0.6 mm. The surface layer has a hardness of greater than or equal to 500 Hv1 over a depth of between 5 and 50 ?m.