An article including a first layer of a shielding material comprising a first surface and an opposite second surface. The article also includes an core material coupled to the first surface, wherein the core material is configured to eliminate pathogens located on the second surface.

An amorphous metal ribbon includes a plurality of laser irradiation mark rows each including a plurality of laser irradiation marks arranged in a row, in which when a distance between the laser irradiation mark rows that are adjacent to each other is set as d1, a distance between the laser irradiation marks in the laser irradiation mark row is set as d2, a diameter of the laser irradiation mark is set as d3, and a number density D of the laser irradiation marks is set as (1/d1)?(1/d2), the number density D of the laser irradiation marks is 0.05 pieces/mm.sup.2 or more and 0.50 pieces/mm.sup.2 or less, and when an area occupancy rate A of the laser irradiation marks is set as D?(d3/2).sup.2???100, the area occupancy rate A of the laser irradiation marks is 0.0035% or more and 0.040% or less.

A metal or metal alloy including a region with hierarchical micro-scale and nano-scale structure shapes, the surface region is super-hydrophobic and has a spectral reflectance of less than 30% for at least some wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation in the range of 0.1 m to 10 m. Methods for forming the hierarchical micro-scale and nano-scale structure shapes on the metal or metal alloy are also described.

A highly wear-resistant valve seat insert for an internal combustion engine, having a material composition in which hard-particles are uniformly and finely dispersed in the matrix phase, and which is excellent in wear-resistance and radial crushing strength, based on a blended fine powder and a matrix forming powder with a particle size approximately equal to that of the hard-particles so as to prevent the hard-particles from aggregating and thus coarsely dispersing as a hard-particle phase.

A hot-dip-coated, non-skin-passed, cold-rolled metal strip is provided. The metal strip is obtained by passing the metal strip through a bath of molten metal, wiping the coated metal strip with nozzles that spray a gas on each side of the strip and making the strip pass through a confinement zone. The metal coating of the metal strip includes a waviness Wa.sub.0.8 of less than or equal to 0.70 m, 0.2 to 8% by weight of aluminum and magnesium in the following proportions: 0.1 to 8% by weight of magnesium for an aluminum content equal to or greater than 0.2% but less than 2% by weight or a content greater than 5% but less than or equal to 8% by weight of magnesium for an aluminum content equal to or greater than 2% but less than or equal to 8% by weight, and up to 0.3% by weight of additional elements, the balance being zinc and inevitable impurities. Metal parts are also provided.

The present disclosure relates to coated non-metallic substrates and coated metallic substrates and methods for producing such coated substrates. A variant of the method is characterized in that a mat or glossy coating is underneath a metallic layer obtained in some eases by way of vapor deposition and/or sputtering. In another variant, the metallic layer is sufficiently thin so that it remains transparent or translucent to visible light. The coated substrates may include multiple layers such as metallic layers, polysiloxane layers, a color layer, a conversion layer, a primer layer, and/or a transparent or colored layer. An application system for applying a metallic layer to at least one surface of a substrate may include a plasma generator and/or a corona system for treating one or more layers by plasma treatment and/or corona treatment.

Provided is a linear groove formation pattern with which both an effect of reducing the building factor and a high magnetic flux density can be obtained. In a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having a plurality of linear grooves extending in a direction crossing a rolling direction of the steel sheet on a surface of the steel sheet, a surface of the steel sheet between the linear grooves has a recessed defect that is recessed from the surface, a volume fraction of the recessed defect in the steel sheet is 0.0025 vol % or more and 0.01 vol % or less of a steel sheet without the recessed defect, and discontinuous portions that disrupt the extension of the linear grooves are provided at a frequency of 30 or more and 200 or less per square meter of the steel sheet.

A sliding member of the present invention includes a base material and a coating layer that is formed on the base material. The coating layer includes a particle aggregate, and the particle aggregate contains two or more kinds of precipitation hardened copper alloy particles that have different compositions. The sliding member has high coating strength and superior wear resistance.

Molybdenum is alloyed into stainless steel surface by electro-spark deposition technique. Shielding gas is used during electro-spark deposition process to minimize the oxidation of materials. Control of electro-spark voltage, frequency, capacitance, time can determine the alloying depth of Molybdenum. The alloyed surface thickness varies from 5 m to 80 m depending on the electro-spark deposition parameters. The alloyed surface comprises, by weight, 15 to 40% of Molybdenum, 8 to 22% of Cr, 0-15% of other alloy elements and impurities. The molybdenum alloyed stainless steel surface exhibits improvement in micro-hardness, wear resistance, and especially corrosion resistance in sodium chloride solutions. Thus, the present invention would be utilized in marine and handling of brines application, as well as in other applications which better corrosion resistance of stainless steel is desired.

A component for a turbomachine having at least one region made of an intermetallic material which is formed from an intermetallic compound or comprises an intermetallic phase as the largest constituent. The intermetallic material is compacted and/or modified in microstructure by microplasticization at least partially at a surface or interface in a region close to the surface or interface.