A process is provided for producing shaped bodies including carbon fiber reinforced carbon in which the fibers are present in the form of bundles having a defined length, width and thickness. The defined configuration of the fibers in the bundles allows a targeted configuration of the reinforcing fibers in the carbon matrix and thus a structure of the reinforcement which matches the stress of shaped bodies including carbon fiber reinforced carbon, for example brake disks.

Provided is a process for producing satisfactory particles held in porous silica. The process comprises (a) the step of preparing porous silica, (b) the step of bringing the porous silica into contact with a liquid which contains either a metal or a compound that has the metal as a component element and infiltrating the liquid into the pores of the porous silica, and (c) the step of subjecting, after the step (b), the impregnated porous silica to a heat treatment to thereby form fine particles comprising the metal or the metal compound in the pores of the porous silica. When porous silica is synthesized by hydrolyzing an alkoxysilane in a solvent-free system, it is possible to synthesize porous silica having a fine pore diameter. Use of this porous silica as a template facilitates formation of particles (e.g., W, Cu, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, or Ni or an oxide of any of these metals) that show peculiar properties not observed in the bulk material.

A material contains open pores in which the channels and pores that are internally coated with at least one layer of phosphorus-containing alumina. Such material is formed by infiltrating a porous material one or more times with a non-colloidal, low-viscosity liquid coating precursor, drying, and curing the coating precursor to form a phosphorus-containing alumina layer within pores of the material.

A stabilized elementary metal structure is disclosed. The stabilized elementary metal structure may include an elementary metal having at least one layer and having a two-dimensional layer structure, and an organic molecular layer provided on at least one of a top surface and a bottom surface of the elementary metal.

A composition for treating cellulosic materials is provided. The composition comprises a dispersion of micronized additives. The dispersion comprises additive particles with diameters in the range of 0.001 to 25 microns. Also provided is a method for the application of the additive-containing composition to wood, as well as wood products which have been treated with the composition.

An electrically conductive component, which can be used in motor vehicles, may include a surface having a layered covering. The layered covering may be a melted and cured product of coating with a powder composition. Further, the layered covering may have a layer thickness of greater than 150 m, and the layered covering may be a single-layer covering. The layered covering may also include a pore-like layer structure. The pore-like layer structure of the layered covering may be responsible for an at-least-15% reduction in density of the layered covering relative to a density of the layered covering without the pore-like layer structure.

The present invention provides wood preservative compositions comprising micronized particles. In one embodiment, the composition comprises dispersions of micronized metal or metal compounds. In another embodiment, the wood preservative composition comprises an inorganic component comprising a metal or metal compound and organic biocide. When the composition comprises an inorganic component and an organic biocide, the inorganic component or the organic biocide or both are present as micronized particles. When compositions of the present invention are used for preservation of wood, there is minimal leaching of the metal and biocide from the wood.

Dissociation of a macroscale version of an aramid fiber leads to the nanofiber form of this polymer. Indefinitely stable dispersions of uniform high-aspect-ratio aramid nanofibers (ANFs) with diameters between 3 and 30 nm controlled by the media composition and up to 10 m in length are obtained. ANFs can be processed in transparent thin films using layer-by-layer assembly (LBL) with superior mechanical performance.

The invention relates to a method for obtaining a magnesium fluoride (MgF.sub.2) sol solution, comprising the steps of providing a magnesium alkoxide precursor in a non-aqueous solvent and adding 1.85 to 2.05 molar equivalents of non-aqueous hydrofluoric acid to said magnesium precursor, characterized in that the reaction proceeds in the presence of carbon dioxide. The invention further relates to sol solutions, method of applying the sol solutions of the invention to surfaces as a coating, and to antireflective coatings obtained thereby.

The present invention relates to a method for the formation of virtually defect-free monolayers of particles with long-range order. The technique involves assembling the monolayer of particles on the interface between a solidifiable liquid and a fluid, which can be air or another liquid, ordering the particles using an electric field and then solidifying the former, e.g., by applying UV light. The monolayer becomes embedded on the surface of the solidified film. The monolayers can be coated onto the surface of materials to optimize their mechanical, thermal, electrical and optical properties.