Glass-based articles having sections of different thicknesses where a maximum central tension in a thinner section is less than that of a thicker section. The articles comprise an alkali metal oxide having a independent nonzero concentrations that vary along at least a portion of the thickness of each section. Consumer electronic products may comprise the glass-based articles having sections of different thicknesses.

The disclosure is directed to a chemically strengthened glass having antimicrobial properties and to a method of making such glass. In particular, the disclosure is directed to a chemically strengthened glass with antimicrobial properties and with a low surface energy coating on the glass that does not interfere with the antimicrobial properties of the glass. The antimicrobial has an Ag ion concentration on the surface in the range of greater than zero to 0.047 μg/cm.sup.2. The glass has particular applications as antimicrobial shelving, table tops and other applications in hospitals, laboratories and other institutions handling biological substances, where color in the glass is not a consideration.

The embodiments described herein relate to chemically and mechanically durable glass compositions and glass articles formed from the same. In an embodiment the glass composition may include from about 67 mol. % to about 80 mol. % SiO.sub.2; from about 3 mol. % to about 13 mol. % alkaline earth oxide; from about 2 mol. % to about 10 mol. % Al.sub.2O.sub.3; from about 2 mol. % to about 18 mol. % alkali oxide, wherein the alkali oxide comprises non-zero amounts of Na.sub.2O; from 0 mol. % to about 4 mol. % B.sub.2O.sub.3; and from about 0.01 mol. % to about 1 mol. % of a fining agent.

Alkali aluminosilicate glasses that are resistant to damage due to sharp impact and capable of fast ion exchange are provided. The glasses comprise at least 4 mol % P.sub.2O.sub.5 and, when ion exchanged, have a Vickers indentation crack initiation load of at least about 7 kgf.

Alkali boroaluminosilicate glasses with high resistance to crack initiation and damage due to sharp impact are provided. The glass compositions have melting and forming temperatures that allow forming the glass into sheets via float-based processes while still allowing for the glass to be efficiently ion exchanged. The glass compositions contain MgO, and when ion exchanged, have a Vickers indentation crack initiation load of at least about 10-15 kgf.

An ion exchangeable glass having a high degree of resistance to damage caused by abrasion, scratching, indentation, and the like. The glass comprises alumina, B.sub.2O.sub.3, and alkali metal oxides, and contains boron cations having three-fold coordination. The glass, when ion exchanged, has a Vickers crack initiation threshold of at least 10 kilogram force (kgf).

Embodiments of this disclosure pertain to articles that exhibit scratch-resistance and improved optical properties. In some examples, the article exhibits a color shift of about 2 or less, when viewed at an incident illumination angle in the range from about 0 degrees to about 60 degrees from normal under an illuminant. In one or more embodiments, the articles include a substrate, and an optical film disposed on the substrate. The optical film includes a scratch-resistant layer and an optical interference layer. The optical interference layer may include one or more sub-layers that exhibit different refractive indices. In one example, the optical interference layer includes a first low refractive index sub-layer and a second a second high refractive index sub-layer. In some instances, the optical interference layer may include a third sub-layer.

A strengthened glass container or vessel such as, but not limited to, vials for holding pharmaceutical products or vaccines in a hermetic and/or sterile state. The strengthened glass container undergoes a strengthening process that produces compression at the surface and tension within the container wall. The strengthening process is designed such that the tension within the wall is great enough to ensure catastrophic failure of the container, thus rendering the product unusable, should sterility be compromised by a through-wall crack. The tension is greater than a threshold central tension, above which catastrophic failure of the container is guaranteed, thus eliminating any potential for violation of pharmaceutical integrity.

A glass, glass ceramic, or ceramic bead is described, with an internal porous scaffold microstructure that is surrounded be an amorphous shield. The shield serves to protect the internal porous microstructure of the shield while increasing the overall strength of the porous microstructure and improve the flowability of the beads either by themselves or in devices such as biologically degradable putty that would be used in bone or soft tissue augmentation or regeneration. The open porosity present inside the bead will allow for enhanced degradability in-vivo as compared to solid particles or spheres and also promote the growth of tissues including but not limited to all types of bone, soft tissue, blood vessels and nerves.

Glasses having a high degree of resistance to damage cause by abrasion, scratching, indentation, and the like are disclosed. In embodiments, the glasses may include at least 50 mol % SiO.sub.2; 9 mol % to 22 mol % Al.sub.2O.sub.3; Na.sub.2O; Li.sub.2O; at least 10 mol % R.sub.2O, wherein R.sub.2O is the sum of alkali metal oxides in the glass; 2.7 mol % to 4.5 mol % B.sub.2O.sub.3; and greater than 0.1 mol % of MgO+ZnO, wherein (B.sub.2O.sub.3—(R.sub.2O—Al.sub.2O.sub.3)) is greater than or equal to 3.