This invention relates to the preparation of N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (glyphosate) from N-(phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetic acid (PMIDA), and more particularly to methods for control of the conversion of PMIDA, for the identification of reaction end points relating to PMIDA conversion and the preparation of glyphosate products having controlled PMIDA content.

A method of monitoring a respiratory stream can be provided by monitoring color change of a color change material to determine a CO2 level of the respiratory stream in contact with the color change material by emitting visible light onto the color change material. Related devices, systems, and compositions are also disclosed.

The invention relates to an in vitro diagnostic method for quantification of a clinical chemistry analyte from a clinical sample wherein the clinical chemistry analyte undergoes a chemical reaction or reactions with a reagent or reagents in one or several steps, or in a reaction sequence, or catalyzes a chemical reaction, or reactions, or a reaction in a reaction sequence of a reagent or reagents, in one or several steps, in a reaction system. The reaction or reactions or reaction sequence result in a change of a measurable property of a compound or compounds of said reaction or reactions or reaction sequence. Characteristic for the method is that said chemical reaction or reactions or reaction sequence results in formation of a two-photon fluorescent compound, or a change in two-photon fluorescence properties of the reaction system comprising at least one two-photon fluorescent compound, and the analyte is quantified by exciting said two-photon fluorescent compound or compounds and measuring two-photon exited fluorescence, and relating said measured fluorescence to method standardization data based on measurements obtained from reference material of said analyte. The present invention also relates to use of a fluorometric device employing two-photon fluorescence excitation for quantification of a clinical chemistry analytes. The present invention further relates to a system for quantification of clinical chemistry analytes from samples containing the analyte. Characteristic for the system is that it comprises a fluorometric device employing two-photon excited fluorescence for quantifying one or several clinical chemistry analytes, and a data processing unit with software for dedicated data reduction for quantification of the analyte or analytes using said fluorometric device. The present invention further relates to a software product for the system.

Provided herein are pharmaceutically acceptable sodium nitrite and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. Also provided herein are methods for determining the total non-volatile organic carbon in a sodium nitrite-containing sample. Further provided herein are methods for producing pharmaceutically acceptable sodium nitrite. Still further provided herein are methods of treatment comprising the administration of pharmaceutically acceptable sodium nitrite.

A method is provided for measuring and evaluating rapidly and with high accuracy a subject's glucose metabolism. The method uses a labeled C-breath test and a composition that is suitably used in the method. The composition contains as active ingredient glucose labeled with at least one isotope of C, wherein the glucose is converted in the subject to labeled carbon dioxide that is excreted in expired air. This method also allows for the determination of a stage of a patient in whom diabetes has developed as well as for a stage before the onset of diabetes, and monitors the state (diabetes condition including a state before onset of diabetes) over time.

Disclosed are magnetic nanosensors or transducers that permit measurement of a physical parameter in an analyte via magnetic reasonance measurements, in particular of non-agglomerative assays. More particularly, in certain embodiments, the invention relates to designs of nanoparticle reagents and responsive polymer coated magnetic nanoparticles. Additionally provided are methods of use of nanoparticle reagents and responsive polymer coated magnetic nanoparticles for the detection of a stimulus or an analyte with NMR detectors.

A method and device to adjust the concentration of at least two gasses in a fluid, wherein the method involves adjusting the concentration of a first gas in the fluid by adjusting the concentration of a second gas in the fluid wherein the first and second gases are kept separate until dissolved in the fluid.

Disclosed are cyclodextrin-based metal organic frameworks comprising a metal cation and cyclodextrin or a cyclodextrin derivative. These metal organic frameworks are permanently porous and capable of molecule storage.

A device is disclosed for detecting at least one chemical compound comprising at least one carbon nanotube with several graphene layers, on which is grafted at least one molecule bearing group G1 capable of reacting with the chemical compound or a precursor of such a group G1. The uses and the method of making such a device is also disclosed.

Provided herein are pharmaceutically acceptable sodium nitrite and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. Also provided herein are methods for determining the total non-volatile organic carbon in a sodium nitrite-containing sample. Further provided herein are methods for producing pharmaceutically acceptable sodium nitrite. Still further provided herein are methods of treatment comprising the administration of pharmaceutically acceptable sodium nitrite.