This invention relates to an arrangement to optimize the production of hydrogen, the arrangement comprising at least a solar energy unit (12) and a wave and/or tidal energy recovery system (2), which are arranged to produce renewable energy, a water purification unit (5) and an electrolysis unit (9), which is arranged to produce hydrogen from pure water produced by the water purification unit (5), and the electrolysis unit (9) and the water purification unit (5) are powered by the renewable energy produced by the solar energy unit (12) and the wave and/or tidal energy recovery system (2). The arrangement comprises a buffer unit (6), into which pure water is supplied from the water purification unit (5) during periods when the production of the renewable energy exceeds the need of energy of the electrolysis unit (9).

A gas generator for gasification of liquids, e.g. vapour from water, including a main rotor body being rotatably mounted to a static support framework to rotate around a rotor body center axle. The main rotor body having main rotor body channels for guiding a flow of a liquid from a rotor body channel inlet towards a rotor body channel outlet located further away from the rotor body center axle than the rotor body channel inlet so liquid in the rotor body channel is forced towards the rotor body channel outlet by centrifugal forces. The main rotor body has cavitator channels connected to the rotor body channel outlet. The cavitator channels have cavitation element to induce a differentiated pressure within the liquid in the cavitator caused by centrifugal forces induced by the rotation of the main rotor body inducing cavitation of the liquid flowing through the cavitator channels.

A method of operating an electrochemical cell including introducing an aqueous solution into the electrochemical cell, applying a current across an anode and a cathode to produce a product, monitoring the voltage, dissolved hydrogen, or a condition of the aqueous solution, and applying the current in a pulsed waveform responsive to one of the measured parameters is disclosed. An electrochemical system including an electrochemical cell including an anode and a cathode, a source of an aqueous solution having an outlet fluidly connectable to the electrochemical cell, a sensor for measuring a parameter, and a controller configured to cause the anode and the cathode to apply the current in a pulsed waveform responsive to the parameter measurement is disclosed. Methods of suppressing accumulation of hydrogen gas within the electrochemical cell are also disclosed. Methods of facilitating operation of an electrochemical cell are also disclosed.

Power generated by a wind turbine is applied to drive reverse osmosis (RO) desalination. Rather than discharging the brine back into the ocean, it is concentrated and modified through industrial-scale processes to produce sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Direct air capture of CO.sub.2 occurs when liquid NaOH, created from the RO desalination brine, is conveyed to the rotor hub and emitted from the wind turbine blades to react with CO.sub.2 in the atmosphere. The power of an offshore wind turbine is used for the onboard production of fresh water to supply shoreside water needs, or water may be electrolyzed to produce hydrogen while adding the vital process of CO.sub.2 sequestration to the ocean.

A method of operating an electrochemical cell including introducing an aqueous solution into the electrochemical cell, applying a current across an anode and a cathode to produce a product, monitoring the voltage, dissolved hydrogen, or a condition of the aqueous solution, and reversing polarity of the anode and the cathode responsive to one of the measured parameters is disclosed. An electrochemical system including an electrochemical cell including an anode and a cathode, a source of an aqueous solution having an outlet fluidly connectable to the electrochemical cell, a sensor for measuring a parameter, and a controller configured to cause the anode and the cathode to reverse polarity responsive to the parameter measurement is disclosed. Methods of suppressing accumulation of hydrogen gas within the electrochemical cell are also disclosed. Methods of facilitating operation of an electrochemical cell are also disclosed.

A pulsed electromagnetic irradiation system for water treatment including raw water supply unit in fluid communication with a reaction vessel, a multimode cavity in which the reaction vessel is partially positioned. A magnetron generator is positioned adjacent the multimode cavity and is electromagnetically coupled with liquid within the reaction vessel. A stirring motor is positioned adjacent a bottom surface of multimode cavity and operatively coupled with the reaction vessel to stir the liquid within reaction vessel. A parabolic arm air cooled condenser is terminally connected to the reaction vessel to be in fluid communication with the reaction vessel. A gravity vacuum funnel, where the gravity vacuum funnel is in communication with a first air/water cooled condenser. The first air/water cooled condenser outputs fresh water to a fresh water storage unit.

An emitter apparatus is mounted on a marine structure powered by wind or marine hydrokinetic energy to disperse a carbon dioxide sorbent such as sodium hydroxide. The sorbent can be generated by reverse osmosis of seawater with electrolysis of the brine, or delivered from an external supply. Suitable marine structures include offshore wind turbines, marine hydrokinetic generators, offshore oil platforms, merchant vessels, and other fixed and mobile structures. Effective capture is made by dispersing a fine mist or fog of aqueous sorbent from nozzles with a particle size from a nozzle of less than 100 microns. The sorbent reacts with atmospheric carbon dioxide forming carbonates and bicarbonates, which drift and fall to the ocean surface, reducing surface acidity and capturing additional atmospheric carbon dioxide via absorption at the local ocean surface. The resulting carbonates sink to the ocean floor and are there sequestered.

Disclosed is a hybrid water-treating system. The system includes a raw-water supply bath having a predetermined volume and configured to receive raw-water containing high concentration organic contaminants; at least one electrolytic bath configured to receive the raw-water supplied from the raw-water supply bath and to produce first treated water, wherein a boron doped diamond (BDD) electrode is installed in the electrolytic bath; and at least one deionization bath configured to receive the first treated water discharged from the electrolytic bath and to produce second treated water, wherein flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) is performed when applying a first voltage to the deionization bath.

A method of separating material, such as foam, sludge, oil or grease, at a fluid's surface, by applying acoustic pressure shock waves to the material and the fluid's surface such that acoustic pressure shock waves are propagated in liquid medium of the fluid and in gas medium above the fluid surface.

A wave-actuated system for desalination of water by reverse osmosis (RO) having a wave energy converter (WEC) subsystem and a RO desalination subsystem is disclosed. The WEC subsystem has a float, a reaction member, and a hydraulic cylinder connected between the float and the reaction member and defining first and second variable volume chambers The RO desalination subsystem has a RO cell containing a RO membrane and a flow smoothing device (FSD). During a first stroke of the WEC subsystem: the float moves in a first direction; and seawater is supplied from the first variable volume chamber to the RO cell and to the FSD. During a second stroke of the WEC subsystem: the float moves in a second direction; seawater is supplied from a seawater intake to the first variable volume chamber; and seawater is supplied from the FSD to the RO cell.