Provided herein is a method of forming a composition by co-processing nanocarbon aggregates and carbon black aggregates, which includes providing nanocarbon aggregates, providing carbon black aggregates, and mixing the nanocarbon aggregates and the carbon black aggregates such that the nanocarbon aggregates disperse into looser aggregates of nanocarbons and carbon black, or individualized nanocarbons dispersed among the carbon black aggregates.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to carbon-containing composites which are suitable for use as electrodes in electrochemical systems. The composites are formed from a scaffold of graphene and carbon nanotubes. Graphene flakes form a plurality of generally planar sheets (e.g., extending in an x-y plane) separated in the direction of a composite axis (e.g., along a z-axis) and approximately parallel to one another. The carbon nanotubes extend between the graphene sheets and at least a portion of the carbon nanotubes are aligned in approximately the same direction, at a defined angle with respect to the composite axis. At least a portion of the scaffold is embedded within a porous carbon matrix (e.g., an activated carbon, a polymer derived graphitic carbon, etc.).

Discrete, individualized carbon nanotubes having targeted, or selective, oxidation levels and/or content on the interior and exterior of the tube walls are claimed. Such carbon nanotubes can have little to no inner tube surface oxidation, or differing amounts and/or types of oxidation between the tubes' inner and outer surfaces. These new discrete carbon nanotubes are useful in plasticizers, which can then be used as an additive in compounding and formulation of elastomeric, thermoplastic and thermoset composite for improvement of mechanical, electrical and thermal properties.

A new solvent-based method is presented for making low-cost composite graphite electrodes containing a thermoplastic binder. The electrodes, termed thermoplastic electrodes (TPEs), are easy to fabricate and pattern, give excellent electrochemical performance, and have high conductivity (1500 S m.sup.1). The thermoplastic binder enables the electrodes to be hot embossed, molded, templated, and/or cut with a CO.sub.2 laser into a variety of intricate patterns. These electrodes show a marked improvement in peak current, peak separation, and resistance to charge transfer over traditional carbon electrodes. The impact of electrode composition, surface treatment (sanding, polishing, plasma treatment), and graphite source were found to impact fabrication, patterning, conductivity, and electrochemical performance. Under optimized conditions, electrodes generated responses similar to more expensive and difficult to fabricate graphene and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite electrodes. These TPE electrodes provide an approach for fabricating high-performance carbon electrodes with applications ranging from sensing to batteries.

A carbon nanotube (CNT) based electrode and method of making the same is disclosed. The CNT based electrode can have a microelectrode made substantially from a substantially inert metal, a first CNT sheet and a second CNT sheet, wherein the first and second CNT sheets are embedded in a collagen film.

Provided is a layered product with high jet-black. A layered product according to the present invention is a layered product (10) including at least a first layer (1) and a second layer (2) that are stacked. A value of L* in a L*a*b* color system defined by JIS Z8729 of the first layer (1) is ten or less. The second layer (2) is formed on the first layer (1) and 0.1 to 1 mass % of carbon nanotubes are contained in a material constituting the second layer (2). In the L*a*b* color system defined by JIS Z8729, when values are measured from a side of a plane of the second layer (2), a value of L* is 2.5 or less, a value of a* is 2.0 or greater and 2.0 or less, and a value of b* is 2.0 or greater and 0.5 or less.

The present invention relates to an article suitable to act as a thermal switch device, the article having a surface resistance of more than 10.sup.5 ohms and formed from a polymer composition comprising from 50 to 99.9 wt % relative to the total weight of the polymer composition, of a polymer being selected from an amorphous polymer having a glass transition temperature Tg, a semi-crystalline polymer having a melting temperature Tm or a mixture thereof, and from 0.1 to 50 wt % relative to the total weight of the polymer composition, of a conductive material, wherein the surface resistance of the article is divided by at least 10, preferably by at least 100, when said article is submitted for a determined period of time of less than 5 minutes to a temperature of switch i) ranging from Tg+10 C. to Tg+250 C. if the polymer composition comprises an amorphous polymer, or ii) ranging from Tm80 C. to Tm+250 C. if the polymer composition comprises a semi-crystalline polymer.

An ice protection assembly includes a pneumatic de-icer attached to an aircraft surface by a vertically aligned carbon nanotube loaded adhesive. The adhesive can be a pressure sensitive adhesive or a chemical adhesive loaded with vertically aligned carbon nanotubes.

Disclosed is a composite resin material which includes a fluororesin and fibrous carbon nanostructures, wherein the composite resin material has a fluororesin content of 70% by mass or more and a fibrous carbon nanostructure content of 0.01% to 0.5% by mass based on the amount of the fluororesin, and wherein when a 50 m thick shaped product obtained by shaping the composite resin material is observed with an optical microscope, the number of aggregates that contain the fibrous carbon nanostructures as a main component and have a diameter of 300 m or more is 3 or less in a 30 mm30 mm field of view.

A semiconductor device includes a drift structure formed in a semiconductor body. The drift structure forms a first pn junction with a body zone of a transistor cell. A gate structure extends from a first surface of the semiconductor body into the drift structure. A heat sink structure extends from the first surface into the drift structure. A thermal conductivity of the heat sink structure is greater than a thermal conductivity of the gate structure and/or a thermal capacity of the heat sink structure is greater than a thermal capacity of the gate structure.