Provided is a graphene-based long fiber comprising chemically functionalized graphene sheets that are chemically bonded with one another having an inter-planar spacing d.sub.002 from 0.36 nm to 1.5 nm as determined by X-ray diffraction and a non-carbon element content of 0.1% to 40% by weight, wherein the functionalized graphene sheets are substantially parallel to one another and parallel to the fiber axis direction and the fiber contains no core-shell structure, have no helically arranged graphene domains, and have a length no less than 0.5 cm and a physical density from 1.5 to 2.2 g/cm.sup.3. The graphene fiber typically has a thermal conductivity from 300 to 1,600 W/mK, an electrical conductivity from 600 to 15,000 S/cm, or a tensile strength higher than 1.0 GPa.

A method of making a carbon nanotube heater includes impregnating a dry carbon nanotube fiber matrix with a conductive resin, the conductive resin is made of an organic resin and a conductive filler material. The carbon nanotube heater is lightweight, strong, and maintains appropriate electrical conductivity and resistance for use as a heater.

Provided are a hardmask composition, a method of preparing the same, and a method of forming a patterned layer using the hardmask composition. The hardmask composition may include graphene quantum dots, a metal compound, and a solvent. The metal compound may be chemically bonded (e.g., covalently bonded) to the graphene quantum dots. The metal compound may include a metal oxide. The metal oxide may include at least one of zirconium (Zr) oxide, titanium (Ti) oxide, tungsten (W) oxide, or aluminum (Al) oxide. The graphene quantum dots may be bonded to the metal compound by an MOC bond or an MC bond, where M is a metal element, O is oxygen, and C is carbon.

To provide a graphene compound having an insulating property and an affinity for lithium ions. To increase the molecular weight of a substituent included in a graphene compound. To provide a graphene compound including a chain group containing an ether bond or an ester bond. To provide a graphene compound including a substituent containing one or more branches. To provide a graphene compound including a substituent including at least one of an ester bond and an amide bond.

Exemplary Embodiments of the invention address the problem of providing semiconductor single-layer carbon nanotubes in which the light emission energy thereof is lowered by approximately 300 meV, and a method for manufacturing the same. In one embodiment of the invention, by applying a method for directly irradiating semiconductor single-layer carbon nanotubes with ultraviolet light in atmospheric air, ozone is generated in the atmosphere, a gram amount of oxygen atoms is introduced to the semiconductor single-layer carbon nanotubes, and semiconductor single-layer carbon nanotubes in which the light emission energy thereof is lowered by approximately 300 meV.

This invention relates to barrier materials comprising reduced graphene oxide, methods of making said materials and their uses. The reduced graphene oxide is preferably formed from the reduction of graphene oxide by HI, HBr or ascorbic acid.

To provide a graphene compound having an insulating property and an affinity for lithium ions. To increase the molecular weight of a substituent included in a graphene compound. To provide a graphene compound including a chain group containing an ether bond or an ester bond. To provide a graphene compound including a substituent containing one or more branches. To provide a graphene compound including a substituent including at least one of an ester bond and an amide bond.

Embodiments described herein relate generally to the large scale production of functionalized graphene. In some embodiments, a method for producing functionalized graphene includes combining a crystalline graphite with a first electrolyte solution that includes at least one of a metal hydroxide salt, an oxidizer, and a surfactant. The crystalline graphite is then milled in the presence of the first electrolyte solution for a first time period to produce a thinned intermediate material. The thinned intermediate material is combined with a second electrolyte solution that includes a strong oxidizer and at least one of a metal hydroxide salt, a weak oxidizer, and a surfactant. The thinned intermediate material is then milled in the presence of the second electrolyte solution for a second time period to produce functionalized graphene.

Discrete, individualized carbon nanotubes having targeted, or selective, oxidation levels and/or content on the interior and exterior of the tube walls are claimed. Such carbon nanotubes can have little to no inner tube surface oxidation, or differing amounts and/or types of oxidation between the tubes' inner and outer surfaces. These new discrete carbon nanotubes are useful in plasticizers, which can then be used as an additive in compounding and formulation of elastomeric, thermoplastic and thermoset composite for improvement of mechanical, electrical and thermal properties.

The present specification relates to an organic electronic device including a fullerene derivative.