According to the present invention, a noncovalent bond-modified carbon structure has advantages of: enabling the control of properties by controlling intervals between carbon structures according to the size and structure of a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1, which is inserted and adsorbed between the carbon structures; and enabling uniform dispersion in a polymer matrix without a change in intrinsic properties. In addition, a carbon structure/polymer composite comprising the modified carbon structure and a polymer matrix is simply manufactured and readily layered due to excellent orientation when forming a cured coating film, and thus can be useful for manufacturing a steel sheet having remarkable heat radiation, surface polarity, electrical properties and the like.

Disclosed is a composition of matter comprising a biologically active substance bound to a graphene-coated dielectric-core particle, and methods for making and using the same.

Disclosed here is a method of fabricating a covalently reinforced carbon nanotube (CNT) assembly. The method includes producing a CNT assembly by pulling entangled CNTs from a CNT array fabricated on a substrate, the CNT assembly including a plurality of CNTs that are aligned; and creating covalent bonding between the CNTs of the CNT assembly by applying a high energy ion irradiation to the CNT assembly.

Polymer/carbon nanotube composites made up of melamine, aldehyde, diaminoalkane monomeric units and carbon nanotubes having activated carbonyl groups. A method for removing heavy metals, such as Pb(II) from an aqueous solution or an industrial wastewater sample with these composites is introduced. A process of synthesizing the polymer/carbon nanotube composites is also described.

Provided is a process for producing an integral graphene film, comprising: (a) preparing a graphene dispersion having chemically functionalized graphene sheets dispersed in a fluid medium wherein the graphene sheets contain chemical functional groups attached thereto; (b) dispensing and depositing a wet film of the graphene dispersion onto a supporting substrate, wherein the dispensing and depositing procedure includes mechanical shear stress-induced alignment of the graphene sheets along a film planar direction, and partially or completely removing the fluid medium to form a relatively dried film comprising aligned chemically functionally graphene sheets; and (c) using heat, electromagnetic waves, UV light, or high-energy radiation to induce chemical reactions or chemical bonding between chemical functional groups attached to adjacent chemically functionalized graphene sheets to form the integral graphene film. The film after step (b) or (c) may be further compressed to increase the degree of graphene sheet orientation in the integral graphene film.

Provided is an integral graphene film comprising chemically functionalized graphene sheets that are chemically bonded or interconnected with one another having an inter-planar spacing d.sub.002 from 0.36 nm to 1.5 nm as determined by X-ray diffraction and a non-carbon element content of 0.1% to 47% by weight, wherein said functionalized graphene sheets are substantially parallel to one another and parallel to an in-plane direction of said integral graphene film and said integral graphene film has a length from 1 cm to 10,000 m, a width from 1 cm to 5 m, a thickness from 2 nm to 500 m, and a physical density from 1.5 to 2.25 g/cm.sup.3. The integral graphene film typically has a Young's modulus from 20 GPa to 300 GPa or a tensile strength from 1.0 GPa to 3.5 GPa.

Provided is a graphene-based long fiber comprising chemically functionalized graphene sheets that are chemically bonded with one another having an inter-planar spacing d.sub.002 from 0.36 nm to 1.5 nm as determined by X-ray diffraction and a non-carbon element content of 0.1% to 40% by weight, wherein the functionalized graphene sheets are substantially parallel to one another and parallel to the fiber axis direction and the fiber contains no core-shell structure, have no helically arranged graphene domains, and have a length no less than 0.5 cm and a physical density from 1.5 to 2.2 g/cm.sup.3. The graphene fiber typically has a thermal conductivity from 300 to 1,600 W/mK, an electrical conductivity from 600 to 15,000 S/cm, or a tensile strength higher than 1.0 GPa.

Provided is a process for producing a graphene-based continuous or long fiber, comprising: (a) preparing a graphene dispersion having chemically functionalized graphene sheets dispersed in a fluid medium wherein the graphene sheets contain chemical functional groups attached thereto; (b) dispensing and depositing at least a continuous or long filament of the graphene dispersion onto a supporting substrate, wherein the dispensing and depositing procedure includes mechanical shear stress-induced alignment of the graphene sheets along a filament axis direction, and partially or completely removing the fluid medium to form a continuous or long fiber comprising aligned chemically functionally graphene sheets; and (c) using heat, electromagnetic waves, UV light, or high-energy radiation to induce chemical reactions or chemical bonding between chemical functional groups attached to adjacent chemically functionalized graphene sheets to form the continuous or long graphene fiber.

A method for patterning a piece of carbon nanomaterial. The method comprises generating a first light pulse sequence with first light pulse sequence property values, the first light pulse sequence comprising at least one light pulse and exposing a first area of the piece of carbon nanomaterial to said first light pulse sequence in a first process environment having a first oxygen content, without exposing at least part of the piece of carbon nanomaterial to said first light pulse sequence. In this way, the method comprises oxidizing locally, in the first area, at least some carbon atoms of the piece of carbon nanomaterial in such a way that at most 10% of the carbon atoms of the first area are removed from the first area; thereby patterning the first area of the piece of carbon nanomaterial. In addition a processed piece of carbon nanomaterial.

Sub-lithographic structures configured for selective placement of carbon nanotubes and methods of fabricating the same generally includes alternating conformal first and second layers provided on a topographical pattern formed in a dielectric layer. The conformal layers can be deposited by atomic layer deposition or chemical vapor deposition at thicknesses less than 5 nanometers. A planarized surface of the alternating conformal first and second layers provides an alternating pattern of exposed surfaces corresponding to the first and second layer, wherein a width of at least a portion of the exposed surfaces is substantially equal to the thickness of the corresponding first and second layers. The first layer is configured to provide an affinity for carbon nanotubes and the second layer does not have an affinity such that the carbon nanotubes can be selectively placed onto the exposed surfaces of the alternating pattern corresponding to the first layer.