The present invention provides novel two-dimensional van der Waals materials and stacks of those materials. Also provided are methods of making and using such materials.

A quantum device is provided that includes controllably quantum mechanically coupled dangling bonds extending from a surface of a semiconductor material. Each of the controllably quantum mechanically coupled dangling bonds has a separation of at least one atom of the semiconductor material. At least one electrode is provided for selectively modifying an electronic state of the controllably quantum mechanically coupled dangling bonds. By providing at least one additional electron within the controllably quantum mechanically coupled dangling bonds with the proviso that there exists at least one unoccupied dangling bond for each one additional electron present, the inventive device is operable at least to 293 degrees Kelvin and is largely immune to stray electrostatic perturbations. Room temperature operable quantum cellular automata and qubits are constructed therefrom.

An electronic device for implementing digital functions comprising a first and a second electrode regions, separated by an interposing region comprising a dielectric region, is described. The first and the second electrode regions comprise at least one first electrode and at least one second electrode, respectively, configured to generate in the interposing region an electric field depending on an electric potential difference applied thereto. In the interposing region, a molecular layer is comprised, which is composed of a plurality of molecules, each being capable of assuming one or more states, in a controllable manner, depending on a sensed electric field. The dielectric region has a spatially variable dielectric profile, to determine a respective spatially variable field profile of the sensed electric field at the molecular layer.

The subject matter relates to multiple parallel ensembles of early stage spherical pulses radiated through engineered arrays forming the foundation for quantized computer processors taking advantage of integer thermodynamics. The materials, architecture and methods for constructing micro- and/or nano-scale three-dimensional cellular arrays, cellular series logic gates, and signature logic form the basis of small- and large-scale apparatuses used to execute logic, data bases, memory, mathematics, artificial intelligence, prime factorization, optical routing and artificial thought tasks not otherwise replicated in electron-based circuits. Unlike prior art electric-current based computational devicesthat by definition dissipate heat and consume significant power to achieve computational outputthe types of logic gates described do not shed waste heat and minimally consume power, which is desirable for embedded computers, ultra high-throughput computation, low-power consumption data centers and extended battery life devices.

According to an embodiment, a quantum computer includes first physical systems provided in a cavity, a second physical system provided in the cavity, and a light source unit. The first physical systems include a transition coupled to a common cavity mode of the cavity. The second physical system includes a first transition coupled to the common cavity mode and a second transition. The light source unit generates a first and a second light beam to manipulate two of the first physical systems and generates a third light beam that resonates with the second transition. The third light beam is radiated to the second physical system during a period when the first and the second light beam are simultaneously radiated to the two first physical systems.

A quantum computing system that includes a quantum circuit device having at least one operating frequency; a first substrate having a first surface on which the quantum circuit device is disposed; a second substrate having a first surface that defines a recess of the second substrate, the first and second substrates being arranged such that the recess of the second substrate forms an enclosure that houses the quantum circuit device; and an electrically conducting layer that covers at least a portion of the recess of the second substrate.