In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a trapping vaccine composition comprising a trapping antigenic component, a protective component, and a liver cell-targeting component, wherein the trapping antigenic component comprises a nucleic acid molecule or a protein, the protective component comprises a synthetic or non-natural molecule or formation of synthetic or non-natural molecules, and wherein the liver cell-targeting component is capable of delivering the vaccine composition to a liver cell or liver tissue. The present disclosure additional provides vaccination methods comprising (i) administering a priming composition comprising a priming antigenic component or a first dose comprising the priming composition to the mammal; and (ii) administering a trapping composition comprising a trapping antigenic component, a protective component, and a liver cell-targeting component, or a second dose comprising the second composition to the mammal, wherein the priming and trapping compositions or doses are not administered concurrently and wherein the number of resident memory T cells in the liver are increased following administration of the trapping composition. In certain embodiments, vaccine compositions and regimes are provided that protect against liver-tropic pathogens, e.g., a malarial infection. In an embodiment, a vaccine composition and regimen are provided that protect against an infection caused by P. falciparum or P. yoelli sporozoites.

A pharmaceutical compound is provided. The pharmaceutical compound includes a first component as methrotrexate and a second component as cholesterol, wherein the first component is covalently conjugated to the second component having a structure represented by the following chemical formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein α carboxyl group of methrotrexate is conjugated to cholesterol using spermidine as a linker.

In an embodiment of the invention, a composition for treating a cell population comprises an Affinity Medicant Conjugate (AMC). The medicant moiety can be a toxin including an acylfulvene or a drug moiety. The affinity moiety can be an antibody, a binding protein, a steroid, a lipid, a growth factor, a protein, a peptide or non peptidic. The affinity moiety can be covalently bound to the medicant via a linker. Novel linkers that can be directed to cysteine, arginine or lysine residues based on solution pH allow greater flexibility in preserving and/or generating specific epitopes in the AMC.

The invention relates to a double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) for inhibiting the expression of Factor V, comprising an antisense strand having a nucleotide sequence which is less that 25 nucleotides in length and which is substantially complementary to at least a part of Factor V. The invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the dsRNA together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; methods for treating diseases caused by the expression of Factor V using the pharmaceutical composition; and methods for inhibiting the expression of Factor V in a cell.

The present invention provides exosomes as drug delivery vehicles, compositions comprising a therapeutic agent encapsulated within such exosomes, methods of producing such exosomes and compositions thereof, as well as methods of delivering such exosomes and compositions to a specific patient tissue or organ. The present invention also provides methods of treating a disease, disorder, or condition such as cancer, an inflammatory disease, an infectious disease, an allergic disease, or an autoimmune disease, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a provided therapeutic-loaded exosome or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.

This invention relates to a conjugate of formula (I): (A-Z.sup.1-).sub.n-Q-Z.sup.2-D (I), wherein Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, Q, A, D, and n are as described herein. This invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition including a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a conjugate of formula (I). This invention also relates to a method making a conjugate of formula (I), and the use of the conjugate for treating cancerous conditions, modulating cell membrane microheterogeneity, stimulating an immunoresponse, and forming a network on or near the inner or outer surface of target cells.

The present invention relates to an oral pharmaceutical composition containing pemetrexed as a water-soluble anticancer drug and a method of manufacturing the same, and more particularly to an oral pharmaceutical composition, in which an ion-binding complex of pemetrexed and a bile acid derivative as an oral absorption enhancer is formed, mixed with a pharmaceutical additive, and then provided in the form of a capsule or a tablet through pressing or included in the internal water phase of a w/o/w (water-in-oil-in-water) multiple nanoemulsion, thus increasing the oral bioavailability of pemetrexed as the water-soluble anticancer drug, whereby pemetrexed, which is currently administered only in the form of an injection formulation, can be manufactured into a formulation capable of being orally administered, ultimately alleviating inconvenience and problems with use of injection formulations, improving patient compliance and contributing to a reduction in medical expenses.

Formulated and/or co-formulated liposomes comprising TLR prodrugs and/or TLR Lipid Moieties and methods of making the liposomes are disclosed herein. The TLR prodrug compositions comprise a drug moiety, a lipid moiety, and linkage unit that inhibit Toll-Like Receptor (e.g., TLR1/2, TLR4, and/or TLR7). The TLR prodrugs can be formulated and/or co-formulated into a liposome to provide a method of treating cancer, immunological disorders, and other disease by utilizing a targeted drug delivery vehicle.

Disclosed herein are compositions and methods for inhibiting viral entry.

The present invention relates to a microbubble complex comprising a microbubble having an outer shell comprising a mixture of native and denatured albumin encapsulating a perfluorocarbon gas, a therapeutic agent, a bifunctional linker having one end attached to the therapeutic agent and the other attached to a ligand and wherein the ligand is bound to the other shell of the microbubble through hydrophobic interactions. Also included are methods for delivering the aforementioned microbubble complex to a tissue target.