Disclosed are a M-cell targeting and pH-responsive starch-based carrier material, and a preparation method and application thereof. The starch-based carrier material has a molecular structure as follows, a molecular weight of 7.0410.sup.4 to 2.1110.sup.6 g/mol, a degree of substitution of carboxymethyl groups of 0.04 to 0.28, and a grafting amount of targeting peptide GRGDS of 0.01% to 1.12% (calculated based on the content of N). The material is not dissolved in water when protonated at pH (pH=1.2) of the stomach, and is slowly dissolved in water when deprotonated at pH (pH=6.8) of the small intestine, therefore it has good responsiveness to pH of the gastrointestinal tract. The material can efficiently encapsulate a positively charged active substance by means of electrostatic interaction, therefore it can protect the active substances from being destroyed and inactivated in the gastrointestinal tract. Meanwhile, the material can target M cells to improve the transport efficiency of the active substance by M cells, thereby improving the bioavailability of the active substance.

The present disclosed a preparation method preparation method for, and use of, a small molecular drug-loaded polymer vesicle. The small molecular drug-loaded polymer vesicle is prepared by assembling an amphiphilic block polymer and a small molecular drug; or is obtained by assembling and cross-linking the amphiphilic block polymer and a functionalized amphiphilic block polymer, loading the small molecular drug, and then reacting with a targeting monoclonal antibody. The vesicle system has many unique advantages, including small size, simple and controllable preparation, excellent biocompatibility, high stability of circulation in vivo, strong specific selectivity of tumor cells, high intracellular drug release rate, remarkable effect of tumor growth inhibition, etc. Therefore, the vesicle system is expected to become a simple and multi-functional nano-platform for efficient and specific targeted delivery of vincristine sulfate to multiple myeloma cells.

Dimer and monomer molecules according to general formulas (I) or (II) are useful as lipid switch molecules when incorporated into a membrane of a liposome. ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrophobic tail having at least 6 carbons and wherein R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of NH.sub.2, ##STR00002##
wherein, for the dimer, the linker is a saturated carbon chain having 2 to 6 carbons or is a para-xylene linker; and when R.sup.2 is charged anions are present to render the charge neutral. These molecules can bind ATP or similar small phosphorylated molecules between R.sup.2 groups, which changes the shape of the molecule or the molecules orientation within the membrane thereby acting as a switch to release a therapeutic agent from the liposome.

The present disclosure relates, in part, to lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) comprising cholesterol substitutes (i.e., cholesterol analogs and/or derivatives) and methods of use thereof for in vivo delivery of nucleic acid molecules and/or therapeutic agents to a target cell. In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid molecules encode chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). In certain embodiments, the target cell is a T cell. In certain embodiments, the LNPs of the present disclosure are anti-inflammatory. In certain embodiments, the present disclosure relates to the use of the LNPs described herein for the treatment, prevention, and/or amelioration of diseases and/or disorders in a subject, including but not limited to cancer.

Provided herein are achromosomal dynamic active systems comprising a Type 1 pilus (TIP) and methods of making and using the same.

A conjugate comprising (a) at least two or more binding motifs, each of which binds a different cell-surface molecule which is overexpressed or selectively expressed on a diseased (e.g., cancerous) cell, wherein adjacent binding motifs are separated from each other by a linker, which can be the same or different as a linker between other adjacent binding motifs, and (b) an active agent, which can be endocytosed by a cancerous cell to which the conjugate binds; a composition comprising the conjugate and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, a method of selectively targeting a cancerous cell in a subject for endocytosis of an anti-cancer agent; and a method of imaging a subject with cancer.

The present disclosure relates to veterinary compositions for the treatment and/or prevention of mastitis in cattle, as well as to methods of treating and/or preventing mastitis in cattle.

Disclosed are biocompatible core/shell compositions suitable for the delivery of populations of mRNA molecules to mammalian cells. The disclosed core-shell structured multicomponent compositions are optimized for the delivery of mRNAs encoding one or more cancer- or tumor-specific antigens to a population of antigen presenting cells, including, for example, human dendritic cells, macrophages and B cells. Also disclosed are methods for use of these compositions as therapeutic cancer vaccines.

Compositions or an assembly of a series of biomimetic compounds include chemical structures that mimic or structurally resemble a nucleic acid base pair. Complexes of nanotubes and agents are useful to deliver agents into the cells or bodily tissues of individuals for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Exemplary compounds include those of Formula (I), (III), (V) or (VII), or of Formula (II), (IV), (VI) or (VIII). ##STR00001##