A visualizable radioactive carbon microsphere (CMS) suspension, a preparation method, and a use thereof are provided. Every 1 mL of the visualizable radioactive CMS suspension includes: CMS: 10 mg to 500 mg; a therapeutic radionuclide with an activity of 5 mCi to 500 mCi; an imaging radionuclide with an activity of 0.1 mCi to 100 mCi; a small organic molecule: 0 mg to 100 mg; and a first solution: 0.1 mL to 1.0 mL. The preparation method mainly includes a process of allowing the CMS to adsorb the small organic molecule, the therapeutic radionuclide, and the imaging zirconium [.sup.89Zr]. The visualizable radioactive CMS suspension can realize both local radiotherapy and real-time imaging of a solid tumor lesion, and thus achieves the visualized treatment of a tumor, which provides a new radioactive CMS product that integrates diagnosis and treatment.

An ophthalmic radiation device using a polymeric radiation-source implemented as either a polymer molecularly bonded with a radioisotope or a polymeric encasement of a radioisotope.

In one aspect, radioactive nanoparticles are described herein. In some embodiments, a radioactive nanoparticle described herein comprises a metal nanoparticle core, an outer metal shell disposed over the metal nanoparticle core, and a metallic radioisotope disposed within the metal nanoparticle core or within the outer metal shell. In some cases, the radioactive nanoparticle has a size of about 30-500 nm in three dimensions. In addition, in some embodiments, the radioactive nanoparticle further comprises an inner metal shell disposed between the metal nanoparticle core and the outer metal shell. The metal nanoparticle core, outer metal shell, and inner metal shell of the radioactive nanoparticle can have various metallic compositions.

Described herein are self-assembling protein molecules for delivering a payload, for example, a toxic anti-cancer agent, a cancer immunotherapy, a toxic anti-cancer agent and a cancer immunotherapy, or an imaging agent, to specific tissues. Examples of self-assembled proteins include clathrin and derivatives of clathrin.

A composition of microparticles includes a non-radioactive and a radioactive isotope, and an injection vehicle, for use in the intratumoral treatment of cancer, by combined antitumoral effect of radioactivity and intratumoral microparticle deposition. The antitumoral effect provided by the cytotoxicity of radioactivity is enhanced by a modulation of the tumoral immune response induced by microparticle deposition inside the tumor, thereby decreasing the dose of radioactivity required to treat solid tumors. A method of treating solid tumors using a sub-optimal tumor-volume coverage dose of radioactivity combined with intratumoral microparticle deposition as a mean of tumor control is also disclosed.

Metallofullerene monocrystalline nanoparticles are used as tumor vascular disrupting agents. The monocrystalline nanoparticles are water-soluble metallofullerene nanoparticles with negative charges on their surfaces. The particle sizes range from 50 to 250 nanometers. The nanomaterials are able to absorb outside radiation energy, and transform it into heat energy. The volumes rapidly expand when temperature reaches a phase transformation point. For treatment, metallofullerene monocrystalline nanoparticles are administrated to a tumor-bearing organism via injection. The metallofullerene monocrystalline nanoparticles reach tumor sites via blood circulation, and are retained at the tumor sites. The monocrystalline nanoparticles of metallofullerene accumulate heat and the temperature increases under outside radiation energy. The volumes sharply expand when the temperature exceeds a critical point of phase transition thereof, thereby causing changes in the morphologies, structures or functions of endothelium cells of tumor vessels.

Described are amphiphilic polymers that are provided with chelating moieties. The amphiphilic polymers are block copolymers comprising a hydrophilic block and a hydrophobic block, with the chelating moieties linked to the end-group of the hydrophilic block. The disclosed polymers are capable of self-assembly into structures such as micelles and polymersomes. With suitable metals present in the form of coordination complexes with the chelating moieties, the chelating amphiphilic polymers of the invention are suitable for use in various imaging techniques requiring metal labeling, such as MRI (T.sub.1/T.sub.2 weighted contrast agents or CEST contrast agents) SPECT, PET or Spectral CT.

The present disclosure, among other things, provides new technologies for preparation of medical isotope labeled metal(loid) chalcogen nanoparticles for use in medical imaging and/or therapeutic applications. Provided technologies show a number of advantages as compared with previously available options for preparing and utilizing medical isotopes, including, for example, they utilize metal(loid) chalcogen nanoparticles that serve as universal binders (e.g., via covalent or non-covalent (e.g., chelate) bonds) for medical isotopes to provide medical isotope labeled metal(loid) chalcogen nanoparticles. Surprisingly, the same metal(loid) chalcogen nanoparticles may be used to bind (e.g., covalent or non-covalent e.g., chelation) bonding) a wide variety of different useful medical isotopes without the use of traditional chelating agents.

The present disclosure is directed to compositions comprising templated nanoconjugates and methods of their use.

The present invention encompasses compositions comprising two spectrally distinct radionuclides separated by a site susceptible to cleavage. Compositions of the invention may be used to detect enzyme activity and/or image diseases associated with said enzyme activity.