A method of lamellar corneal graft implantation is disclosed herein. The method includes the steps of: (i) forming one or more intrastromal incisions in a cornea of an eye of a patient; (ii) removing a cut portion of the cornea defined by the one or more intrastromal incisions from the eye of the patient; (iii) applying laser energy to a lamellar corneal graft using an excimer laser so as to modify the refractive power of the lamellar corneal graft, the lamellar corneal graft being in the form of a autologous corneal graft or a homologous corneal graft; and (iv) implanting the lamellar corneal graft into the eye of the patient in a location previously occupied by the cut portion of the cornea so as to correct the refractive power of the eye of the patient.

A whole-body or whole-room voluminous antiviral and antibacterial airborne disinfection system is disclosed which includes a sterilization chamber, including a nozzle disposed in the sterilization chamber, a tank disposed outside the sterilization chamber, the tank is adapted to hold a photosensitizer fluid of edible food dyes, a light source within the sterilization chamber adapted to flood the sterilization chamber with light; and a nozzle adapted to release the photosensitizer fluid aerosols and generate reactive oxygen species in a fog-like dispersion.

Provided are methods of reducing and killing bacteria and fungi, and photodynamic treatment methods and sterilization methods using the methods of reducing and killing bacteria and fungi. The method of reducing and killing bacteria and fungi includes bringing a composition including a Ligularia fischeri extract or a fraction thereof as an active ingredient into contact with cells or tissues of a subject and irradiating cells or tissues of a subject in contact with the composition with an absorbable wavelength of excitation light.

A device includes a material and a silver titanium dioxide coating supported by the material. The material may be a face mask adapted to be worn by a user. The coating may be applied via a Silver Titanium Dioxide solution. The solution may also be atomized for inhaling. Silver Titanium Dioxide acts as a photocatalyst at least due to the Titanium Dioxide to degrade organic molecules and microorganisms. The silver acts as a Bacteria stat, Fungus stat, and a Virus stat with or without light exposure. A titanium dioxide solution may be applied to skin. Exposure of the solution imbibed skin to light may be performed to remove or reduce tattoos.

Provided are systems and methods for treating a biological fluid, e.g., to inactivate pathogens.