The invention relates to veterinary science. An extrarenal blood purification procedure is performed to remove toxins from the blood. Baseline parameters of urea and creatinine in the blood serum are measured during the blood purification procedure; on the basis of the data obtained, a dialysis intensity index (DII) is determined as the ratio of the patient's total fluid volume to the volume of the fluid purified of toxins and a uremic toxin accumulation index (UTAI) is determined as the rate of accumulation of the quantity of urea or creatinine per unit of time. Moreover, it is deemed necessary to repeat the hemodialysis procedure if the UTAI value for urea is more than 0.5 and/or the UTAI value for creatinine is more than 8, and/or the DII value is less than 0.9.

Dialysis systems are disclosed comprising new fluid flow circuits. Systems may include blood and dialysate flow paths, where the dialysate flow path includes balancing, mixing, and/or directing circuits. Dialysate preparation may be decoupled from patient dialysis. Circuits may be defined within one or more cassettes. The fluid circuit fluid flow paths may be isolated from electrical components. A gas supply in fluid communication with the dialysate flow path and/or the dialyzer able to urge dialysate through the dialyzer and urge blood back to the patient may be included for certain emergency situations. Fluid handling devices, such as pumps, valves, and mixers that can be actuated using a control fluid may be included. Control fluid may be delivered by an external pump or other device, which may be detachable and/or generally rigid, optionally with a diaphragm dividing the device into first and second compartments.

A system and method for balancing flows of renal replacement fluid is disclosed. The method uses pressure controls and pressure sensing devices to more precisely meter and balance the flow of fresh dialysate and spent dialysate. The balancing system may use one or two balancing devices, such as a balance tube, a tortuous path, or a balance chamber.

Provided is a blood purification apparatus which can continue to accurately monitor a blood purification treatment state even if treatment conditions are changed during blood purification treatment. The blood purification apparatus can perform real-time monitoring on the blood purification treatment state, based on a concentration change in a discharge solution which is obtained by an arithmetic device. The blood purification apparatus includes a treatment condition change device that sets or changes treatment conditions as requested, and that causes a discharge solution concentration sensor to previously detect concentration of the discharge solution under the respective treatment conditions, and a storage device that stores the concentration of the discharge solution under the respective treatment conditions which is detected by the discharge solution concentration sensor in the treatment condition change device, as a first predetermined value corresponding to the respective treatment conditions. When the treatment conditions are changed during blood purification treatment, the arithmetic device obtains the concentration change in the discharge solution, based on the first predetermined value corresponding to the changed treatment conditions among the first predetermined values stored in the storage device.

The invention relates to a medical treatment device comprising a fluid system, which has a monitoring apparatus 27 for monitoring the treatment device, wherein the monitoring apparatus 27 is configured such that monitoring is based on the evaluation of the pressure in the fluid system of the medical treatment device. The invention further relates to a method for monitoring a medical treatment device, in which monitoring is based on the evaluation of the pressure in the fluid system. The treatment device is characterised by a compliance-determining apparatus 28 for determining the compliance in the fluid system, part of the fluid system or parts of the fluid system, wherein the compliance-determining apparatus 28 cooperates with the monitoring apparatus 27 in such a manner that the pressure-based monitoring takes place depending on the compliance of the fluid system.

Systems, methods, and/or apparatuses may be operative to perform a dialysis process that includes a displacer infusion process. In one embodiment, a method for determining a displacer compound may include constructing a plurality of target protein quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models, one for each of the plurality of binding sites, analyzing a set of candidate compounds using the plurality of QSAR models to determine a set of at least one potential compound with an affinity for binding to each of the plurality of binding sites, and selecting at least one displacer compound from the set of at least one potential compound. Other embodiments are described.

A dialysis system is provided that includes a dialysis machine and a potassium sensing device that is configured to measure the concentration of potassium in the patient's blood, in spent dialysate resulting from treating the patient, or in both. The potassium sensing device can be configured to generate a sensed value of the concentration of potassium. A control and computing unit, including a processor and a memory, is configured to receive the sensed value, compare the value with one or more values stored in the memory, and generate a control signal based on the comparison. A potassium infusion circuit uses the control signal to infuse supplemental potassium solution into the treatment dialysate, a replacement fluid, or both. The memory can include stored patient-historical and population data.

A hemodialysis system includes a hemodialysis machine and a blood monitoring system. The hemodialysis machine is configured to provide hemodialysis treatment to a patient, wherein the hemodialysis treatment includes circulating extracorporeal blood of the patient through an extracorporeal blood circuit. The blood monitoring system includes: a sensor device configured to measure a hematocrit value corresponding to the extracorporeal blood of the patient in the extracorporeal blood circuit; and at least one controller. The blood monitoring system is configured to communicate with an electronic health records (EHR) system over a communications network to obtain patient-specific mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) data for the patient. The at least one controller is configured to determine a hemoglobin concentration value corresponding to the extracorporeal blood for the patient in the extracorporeal blood circuit using the measured hematocrit value and the patient-specific MCHC data for the patient.

The present invention relates to medical fluid treatments, such as the treatment of renal failure. More specifically, the present invention relates to the testing of such systems.

The disclosure relates to a dialysis machine that comprises a dialyzer, a fluid source, a first line connected to the fluid source, and a container containing bicarbonate. The container connects to the first line and the fluid flows from the fluid source, through the first line, to the container. The dialysis machine further includes a second line connected to the container, a flow rate sensor connected to at least one of the lines, a pressure sensor configured for detecting fluid pressure of the container, a display, and a data processing apparatus. The data processing apparatus is configured to receive signals from the flow rate sensor and the pressure sensor. The data processing apparatus is configured to calculate a size of the container based on the received signals.