This application relates to an adequacy assessment method and system. The method includes: acquiring biochemical test data, and extracting the most recent assay data of periodic assay records from the biochemical test data; calculating body fluid volume according to the most recent assay data; calculating a urea clearance index according to the calculated body fluid volume and designated parameters; and outputting the urea clearance index for one adequacy assessment by display.

System and methods for sensing fluid characteristics of peritoneal dialysate infused into and removed from a patient during treatment are provided. The systems and methods can use an optical sensor including a transmitter light source operable to emit light through a fluid flow path and an optical receiver operable to receive at least a portion of the light emitted by the transmitter light source.

The present invention is a system to continuously monitor, in real-time, the small molecules being dialyzed during hemodialysis treatment using Raman spectroscopy and press control algorithms. By monitoring the treatment, the amount of water needed per dialysis treatment is drastically reduced by optimizing analyte saturation and removal of wastes. This will significantly conserve water and reduce the cost of dialysis treatments, possibly reducing the amount of time necessary for dialysis treatment, improving quality of life for patients during and after treatment, and reducing the costs of building new treatment centers as well as operating costs.

A blood loop system for controlling blood oxygen saturation includes a conduit loop, a pump, a flow cell, a matter source, an aeration chamber, a collection chamber and an oxygen probe. The pump is coupled to the conduit loop and positioned to circulate blood through the conduit loop. The flow cell is positioned to measure a characteristic of the blood circulated through the conduit loop. The matter source includes a gas. The aeration chamber is coupled to the conduit loop and is in fluid communication with the matter source to enable the gas to combine with the blood. The collection chamber is in fluid communication with the aeration chamber and is positioned to receive the blood. The oxygen probe is positioned to measure an amount of oxygen in the blood.

A monitoring method for an extracorporeal blood treatment machine, a monitoring device of an extracorporeal blood treatment machine, and an extracorporeal blood treatment machine including a monitoring device. The monitoring device is configured to detect a signal representing a concentration of pollutants in a used dialysis liquid, to automatically evaluate a signal course with respect to at least one predetermined indicator for an existing recirculation, and to automatically initiate a recirculation measurement or automatically output a request for initiating a recirculation measurement to a user upon determination of the at least one indicator.

An apparatus used in analyzing spent dialysate includes: at least one surface configured to accommodate a dialysate drain bag or drain line in a predetermined position; a light source positioned to emit light through the dialysate drain bag or drain line; and a light sensor positioned to sense light emitted by the light source through the dialysate drain bag or drain line.

The present invention is a system to continuously monitor, in real-time, the small molecules being dialyzed during hemodialysis treatment using Raman spectroscopy and press control algorithms. By monitoring the treatment, the amount of water needed per dialysis treatment is drastically reduced by optimizing analyte saturation and removal of wastes. This will significantly conserve water and reduce the cost of dialysis treatments, possibly reducing the amount of time necessary for dialysis treatment, improving quality of life for patients during and after treatment, and reducing the costs of building new treatment centers as well as operating costs.

Dialysis systems comprising actuators that cooperate to perform dialysis functions and sensors that cooperate to monitor dialysis functions are disclosed. According to one aspect, such a hemodialysis system comprises a user interface model layer, a therapy layer, below the user interface model layer, and a machine layer below the therapy layer. The user interface model layer is configured to manage the state of a graphical user interface and receive inputs from a graphical user interface. The therapy layer is configured to run state machines that generate therapy commands based at least in part on the inputs from the graphical user interface. The machine layer is configured to provide commands for the actuators based on the therapy commands.

Techniques and devices for filtering dialysis fluids, such as dialysis effluent, are described. For example, a filter device may be configured to filter peritoneal dialysis (PD) effluent draining from a patient during a PD process. The filter devices may include filters configured to filter materials, such as human cells, microorganisms, and/or other components from PD effluent. For instance, a filter device may be configured to be installed in-line in a drain circuit of a PD system using conventional tubing. The captured materials may be analyzed or otherwise processed to determine health characteristics of a patient and/or to capture stem cells. Other embodiments are described.

Dialysis systems are disclosed comprising new fluid flow circuits. Systems may include blood and dialysate flow paths, where the dialysate flow path includes balancing, mixing, and/or directing circuits. Dialysate preparation may be decoupled from patient dialysis. Circuits may be defined within one or more cassettes. The fluid circuit fluid flow paths may be isolated from electrical components. A gas supply in fluid communication with the dialysate flow path and/or the dialyzer able to urge dialysate through the dialyzer and urge blood back to the patient may be included for certain emergency situations. Fluid handling devices, such as pumps, valves, and mixers that to can be actuated using a control fluid may be included. Control fluid may be delivered by an external pump or other device, which may be detachable and/or generally rigid, optionally with a diaphragm dividing the device into first and second compartments.