The disclosed subject matter relates to extracorporeal blood processing or other processing of fluids. Volumetric fluid balance, a required element of many such processes, may be achieved with multiple pumps or other proportioning or balancing devices which are to some extent independent of each other. This need may arise in treatments that involve multiple fluids. Safe and secure mechanisms to ensure fluid balance in such systems are described.

A portable hemodialysis system is provided including a dialyzer, a closed loop blood flow path which transports blood from a patient, to the dialyzer, and back to the patient, and a closed loop dialysate flow path which transports dialysate through the dialyzer. The hemodialysis system includes a hemodialysis machine and dialysate generator which are physically connectable to, and disconnectable from, one another. To connect the hemodialysis machine and dialysate generator together, both the hemodialysis machine and dialysate generator possess connectable and disconnectable electrical connectors and fluid connectors which are positioned and constructed to allow both a fluid and electrical connection between the two machines. The hemodialysis machine includes a processor and a user interface, preferably in the form of a touchscreen, that is capable of controlling both the functions of the hemodialysis machine and the dialysate generator.

A blood purification device includes a first water removal amount calculation unit that calculates a water removal amount based on a flow rate in a dialysate supply flow path detected by the first supply-side flow meter and a flow rate in a waste liquid discharge flow path detected by a first discharge-side flow meter, a second water removal amount calculation unit that calculates a water removal amount based on a flow rate in the dialysate supply flow path detected by a second supply-side flow meter and a flow rate in a waste liquid discharge flow path detected by a second discharge-side flow meter, or calculates a theoretical water removal amount based on a target water removal rate and treatment time, and a determination unit that determines a detection defect based on a difference between the water removal amount calculated by the first and second water removal amount calculation units.

A blood circuit and a dialysate circuit bidirectionally circulate a fluid through a blood purification membrane of a blood purifier, and include a first flow route that causes a dialysate to flow from the dialysate circuit into the blood circuit through a connection flow route connecting the dialysate circuit to the blood circuit while bypassing the blood purifier, and a second flow route that causes the dialysate to flow from the dialysate circuit into the blood circuit through the blood purification membrane. The controller performs control such that blood in the blood circuit is returned to the body by feeding the dialysate to one of these flow routes, determine if a flow amount of the dialysate reaches a predetermined flow amount, and control such that the blood in the blood circuit is returned to the body by feeding the dialysate to the other one of these flow routes.

This invention relates to a dialysis apparatus which ultra-filters blood and to a related method of ultra-filtering blood ex-vivo. More preferably the invention relates to haemodiafiltration using protein-losing membranes and a secondary ultrafiltration and partial re-infusion of haemodiafiltrate for increasing extraction of middle molecules and protein bound uraemic toxins and reducing albumin loss.

The disclosure relates to systems and methods for increasing the functional capabilities of a sorbent-based dialysis system. The systems and methods allow for the mode of operation of the dialysis system to be switched between single pass mode and a sorbent based multi-pass mode by controlling an amount of water added to the dialysate between 0% to 100% of the dialysate flow rate.