A peritoneal dialysis system includes a water purifier, a cycler, and a disposable set operable with the cycler. The disposable set includes a pumping cassette including a water inlet port, a heater/mixing container in fluid communication with the pumping cassette, a water accumulator, a first water line segment, and a second water line segment. The first water line segment is in fluid communication with the water inlet port and the water accumulator. Additionally, the second water line segment is in fluid communication with the water accumulator and the water purifier.

Described are peritoneal dialysis systems and methods that involve the use of crossflow filtration of a used dialysate withdrawn from the peritoneal space of a patient. The filtration forms a retentate containing amounts of an osmotic agent and a permeate containing amounts of water and nitrogen-containing waste products of the patient. The retentate, or a fraction thereof, can be returned to the peritoneal space of the patient to return osmotic agent to the patient. The permeate, or a fraction thereof, can be discarded to discard nitrogen-containing waste products of the patient.

A system and method for balancing flows of renal replacement fluid is disclosed. The method uses pressure controls and pressure sensing devices to more precisely meter and balance the flow of fresh dialysate and spent dialysate. The balancing system may use one or two balancing devices, such as a balance tube, a tortuous path, or a balance chamber.

Dialysis is enhanced by using nanoclay sorbents to better absorb body wastes in a flow-through system. The nanoclay sorbents, using montmorillonite, bentonite, and other clays, absorb significantly more ammonium, phosphate, and creatinine, and the like, than conventional sorbents. The montmorillonite, the bentonite, and the other clays may be used in wearable systems, in which a dialysis fluid is circulated through a filter with the nanoclay sorbents. Waste products are absorbed by the montmorillonite, the bentonite, and the other clays and the dialysis fluid is recycled to a patient's peritoneum. Using an ion-exchange capability of the montmorillonite, the bentonite, and the other clays, waste ions in the dialysis fluid are replaced with desirable ions, such as calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate. The nanoclay sorbents are also useful for refreshing a dialysis fluid used in hemodialysis and thus reducing a quantity of the dialysis fluid needed for the hemodialysis.

A dialysis system is configured to enable a patient to undergo both peritoneal dialysis and extracorporeal blood treatments. The example dialysis system includes a base unit configurable to provide a first fluid for use in preforming at least one peritoneal dialysis treatment at a first time. The base unit is further configurable to provide a second, different fluid for use in at least one extracorporeal blood treatment at a second, different time. The example dialysis system also includes a blood treatment unit configured to be docked to the base unit. The blood treatment unit includes a blood pump configured to pump blood from the patient to a blood filter and from the blood filter back to the patient. The blood filter or a blood line in communication with the blood filter receives the second fluid from the base unit for use in the at least one extracorporeal blood treatment.

A wearable mobile continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (mCAPD) system, includes an mCAPD module mounted on a front portion of a wearable belt, wherein the mCAPD module comprises a micro-peristaltic pump disposed in a corresponding front portion, and an electronic control board connected to the micro-peristaltic pump for controlling and managing the mCAPD process, a fluid bag containing a dialysate fluid, attached to the wearable belt and to the electronic control board, and a sterile connector having a tube portion fixed into a guide section of the micro-peristaltic pump, and a first connecting end for connecting to a first tube inserted into a peritoneum cavity of the human body, and a second connecting end for connecting to a second tube attached to the fluid bag. Upon rotation, the micro-peristaltic pump enables a flow of fluid between the peritoneum cavity and the fluid bag.

A peritoneal dialysis system includes a water purifier, a cycler, and a disposable set operable with the cycler. The disposable set includes a pumping cassette including a water inlet port, a heater/mixing container in fluid communication with the pumping cassette, a water accumulator, a first water line segment, and a second water line segment. The first water line segment is in fluid communication with the water inlet port and the water accumulator. Additionally, the second water line segment is in fluid communication with the water accumulator and the water purifier.

Systems and methods for providing multiple pass continuous flow dialysis are provided. In an embodiment, a system for providing peritoneal dialysis includes a catheter in communication with a peritoneal cavity, a fluid loop in fluid communication with the catheter and capable of circulating a therapy fluid into, through and out of the patient's peritoneal cavity, a multi-line fluid circuit, the multi-line fluid circuit in fluid communication with the fluid loop and including a bypass line coupled to a discharge fluid line, and a cycler including a plurality of valves, the cycler programmed to operate the plurality of valves to selectively (i) discharge therapy fluid from the multi-line fluid circuit via the discharge fluid line or (ii) bypass the discharge fluid line via the bypass line and circulate the therapy fluid a plurality of times through the fluid loop prior to exiting the multi-line fluid circuit via the discharge fluid line.

Methods and devices for providing dialysis treatment are provided. The device comprises a cartridge for providing regenerative dialysis, the cartridge comprising: a body having an inlet and an outlet and defining an interior, the interior including at least a layer comprising urease, a layer comprising zirconium oxide, a layer comprising zirconium phosphate, and a layer comprising carbon, wherein at least two of the layers are blended together to provide a gradient of the two materials.

A peritoneal dialysis (PD) system includes a PD fluid pump, a dual lumen patient line including fresh and used PD fluid lumens, a filter set in fluid communication with the fresh and used PD fluid lumens, a valve provided either with a patient's transfer set or with the filter set, and a control unit configured, after a patient drain, to (i) prompt a patient or caregiver to close the valve when the valve is a manual valve, or (ii) cause the valve to close automatically when the valve is an electrically or pneumatically controlled valve. The control unit is further configured to cause the PD fluid pump, with the valve closed, to pump fresh, heated PD fluid into the fresh PD fluid lumen to displace unheated PD fluid from the fresh PD fluid lumen, through the filter set, into the used PD fluid lumen. A corresponding method is also disclosed.