A tubing set for use in a blood processing apparatus comprises a measurement device (8) having at least one chamber element (80, 81) for measuring a haematocrit value of a blood fluid, wherein the at least one chamber element (80, 81) extends along a longitudinal axis (L) and comprises a circumferential wall (804, 814) extending about the longitudinal axis (L) and encompassing a flow chamber (802, 812), the at last one chamber element (80, 81) further comprising an inlet port (800, 810) for allowing a flow of a blood fluid into the flow chamber (802, 812) and an outlet port (801, 811) for allowing a flow of a blood fluid out of the flow chamber (802, 812). The tubing set furthermore comprises an inlet-side tube section (21, 31) connected to the inlet port (800, 810) and an outlet-side tube section (22, 30) connected to the outlet port (801, 811). Herein, the inlet port (800, 810) and the outlet port (801, 811) are arranged on the circumferential wall (804, 814) and are displaced with respect to each other along the longitudinal axis (L). In this way a tubing set comprising a measurement device is provided which in an easy and reliable manner allows for the measuring of a haematocrit value of a blood fluid.

Apparatus and methods for providing extracorporeal blood circulation and oxygenation control include multi-stage deairing of blood to provide automated cardiopulmonary replacement to sustain patient life during a medical procedure such as cardiopulonary bypass graft surgery, keyhole cardiopulmonary bypass graft surgery, percutaneous angioplasty, percutaneous stent placement, and percutaneous atherectomy.

Graphical user interfaces for use with extracorporeal blood treatment systems may include a human-shaped graphical element and one or more process feature graphical elements. The human-shaped graphical element may be moved automatically or manually by users with respect to the process feature graphical elements to provide indications with respect to the process features corresponding to the human-shaped graphical element and the process feature graphical elements.

A system for calculating cardiac output of a patient on an extracorporeal blood oxygenation circuit, such as veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, includes determining (i) a first arterial carbon dioxide content or surrogate and (ii) a first carbon dioxide content or surrogate in the blood delivered to the patient after passing the oxygenator corresponding to the first removal rate of carbon dioxide from the blood; establishing a second removal rate of carbon dioxide from the blood in the oxygenator in the extracorporeal blood oxygenation circuit; determining (i) a second arterial carbon dioxide content or surrogate and (ii) a second carbon dioxide content or surrogate in the blood delivered to the patient after passing the oxygenator corresponding to the second removal rate of carbon dioxide from the blood; and calculating a cardiac output of the patient corresponding to a blood flow rate through the extracorporeal blood oxygenation circuit, the first arterial carbon dioxide content or surrogate, the first carbon dioxide content or surrogate in the blood delivered to the patient after passing the oxygenator corresponding to the first removal rate of carbon dioxide from the blood; the second arterial carbon dioxide content or surrogate and the second carbon dioxide content or surrogate in the blood delivered to the patient after passing the oxygenator corresponding to the second removal rate of carbon dioxide from the blood.

Methods for monitoring patient parameters and blood fluid removal system parameters include identifying those system parameters that result in improved patient parameters or in worsened patient parameters. By comparing the patient's past responses to system parameters or changes in system parameters, a blood fluid removal system may be able to avoid future use of parameters that may harm the patient and may be able to learn which parameters are likely to be most effective in treating the patient in a blood fluid removal session.

A blood purification apparatus to which a blood circuit that allows a patient's blood to extracorporeally circulate and a blood purifier connected to the blood circuit and that purifies the blood in extracorporeal circulation are attachable, the blood purification apparatus including a dialysate introduction line through which dialysate is introduced into the blood purifier; a dialysate drain line through which waste dialysate resulting from blood purification performed by the blood purifier is drained from the blood purifier; and a concentration-detecting unit that detects a concentration of a predetermined substance in the waste dialysate resulting from the blood purification by the blood purifier and flowing through the dialysate drain line. The blood purification apparatus includes a control unit that establishes a state of equilibrium where the concentration of the predetermined substance in the waste dialysate flowing through the dialysate drain line and a concentration of the predetermined substance in the blood flowing through the blood circuit are equal or approximate to each other; a storage unit storing a value detected by the concentration-detecting unit in the state of equilibrium as an equilibrium value; and a clearance-calculating unit that calculates clearance in accordance with the value detected by the concentration-detecting unit and the equilibrium value stored in the storage unit, the clearance being a figure of merit representing a degree of solute removal by the blood purifier.

A system for calculating cardiac output of a patient on an extracorporeal blood oxygenation circuit, such as veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, includes determining (i) a first arterial carbon dioxide content or surrogate and (ii) a first carbon dioxide content or surrogate in the blood delivered to the patient after passing the oxygenator corresponding to the first removal rate of carbon dioxide from the blood; establishing a second removal rate of carbon dioxide from the blood in the oxygenator in the extracorporeal blood oxygenation circuit; determining (i) a second arterial carbon dioxide content or surrogate and (ii) a second carbon dioxide content or surrogate in the blood delivered to the patient after passing the oxygenator corresponding to the second removal rate of carbon dioxide from the blood; and calculating a cardiac output of the patient corresponding to a blood flow rate through the extracorporeal blood oxygenation circuit, the first arterial carbon dioxide content or surrogate, the first carbon dioxide content or surrogate in the blood delivered to the patient after passing the oxygenator corresponding to the first removal rate of carbon dioxide from the blood; the second arterial carbon dioxide content or surrogate and the second carbon dioxide content or surrogate in the blood delivered to the patient after passing the oxygenator corresponding to the second removal rate of carbon dioxide from the blood.

A system for calculating cardiac output of a patient on an extracorporeal blood oxygenation circuit includes determining the cardiac output corresponding to a blood flow rate through an extracorporeal blood oxygenation circuit, a first arterial carbon dioxide content or surrogate, a first carbon dioxide content or surrogate in the blood delivered to the patient after passing the oxygenator corresponding to a first removal rate of carbon dioxide from the blood; a second arterial carbon dioxide content or surrogate and a second carbon dioxide content or surrogate in the blood delivered to the patient after passing the oxygenator corresponding to a second removal rate of carbon dioxide from the blood.

A system for calculating cardiac output of a patient on an extracorporeal blood oxygenation circuit includes measuring first oxygenated blood flow rate by a pump in the extracorporeal circuit and a corresponding arterial oxygen saturation and recirculation in the extracorporeal circuit, then changing the pump flow rate, such as decreased, to produce a corresponding change in arterial oxygen saturation (wherein such change is outside of normal operating variances or drift), which change in the arterial oxygen saturation and recirculation are measured. From the first flow rate and the second flow rate along with the corresponding measured recirculation and the arterial oxygen saturation, the CO of the patient can be calculated, without reliance upon a measure of venous oxygen saturation. The system also includes an accommodation of oxygenation by the lungs of the patient during the extracorporeal blood oxygenation.

Dialysis patients may be affected by renal failure and may be affected by other health conditions, such as hypertension. During and between dialysis sessions, it may be advantageous to monitor various characteristics of the patient and of the dialysis system. As such, a system and method for dialysis biomarker monitoring is provided.