Invasive glucose sensors and noninvasive glucose sensors may be used in conjunction to improve glucose management for a user. The rate of change (ROC) of glucose levels from a noninvasive glucose sensor may be used rather than or in conjunction with a glucose level of the user from a CGM. A basal insulin delivery rate to the user may be adjusted responsive to the ROC glucose level data from the noninvasive sensor. The glucose level ROC from a noninvasive glucose sensor may be used to predict future glucose level ROCs of the user between operational cycles of an insulin delivery device and/or to identify possible hypoglycemic or hyperglycemic events. These predicted future glucose level ROCs may be used in a cost function of the control system of the insulin delivery device to select basal insulin delivery doses. Glucose level readings may be used to calibrate a noninvasive glucose level sensor.

Methods and systems for diluting a dose of a substance to be delivered to a patient and for determining a maximum deliverable dose of the substance and/or a partial fluid volume to be delivered to the patient to provide a desired dose amount are provided. The method includes the step of providing a first substance within a fluid reservoir having an initial unit value. The method also includes diluting the first substance with a second substance to produce the diluted solution. Once the first substance is diluted, a total volume (VTotal) of the diluted solution is measured. A concentration of the diluted solution is then calculated based on the initial unit value and the total volume (VTotal). A fluid delivery system including a fluid reservoir and fluid delivery device, which is configured to perform the method, is also provided.

Disclosed herein are devices, methods and systems for monitoring and detection of adverse events in a subject. In an embodiment, an insulin delivery device includes an insulin injection device in communication with a controller for controlling the insulin injection device. The controller is configured to receive a heart signal from one or more heart sensors, and a blood glucose signal from one or more blood glucose sensors. The controller is further configured to analyze changes in the heart rhythm of the subject based on the heart signal and determine, based on the changes in the heart rhythm and the blood glucose signal, whether the subject is and/or will be experiencing an adverse event. Upon determination that the subject is or will be experiencing an adverse event, the controller determines one or more parameters of delivery of insulin to be delivered to the subject. Finally, the controller is configured to control the injection device to deliver insulin to the subject in accordance with the determined one or more parameters of delivery.

Methods and systems are disclosed for determining a basal rate adjustment of insulin in a continuous glucose monitoring system of a person with diabetes. A method may include receiving, by at least one computing device, a signal representative of at least one glucose measurement and detecting, by the at least one computing device, a glucose state of the person based on the signal, the detected glucose state including a glucose level of the person and a rate of change of the glucose level. The method may also include calculating, by the at least one computing device, an adjustment to a basal rate of a therapy delivery device based on a control-to-range algorithm and at least one failsafe constraint to account for changes in the insulin sensitivity of the person with diabetes or inaccurate glucose measurement.

An infusion pump assembly includes a reservoir assembly configured to contain an infusible fluid. A motor assembly is configured to act upon the reservoir assembly and dispense at least a portion of the infusible fluid contained within the reservoir assembly. Processing logic is configured to control the motor assembly. The processing logic includes a primary microprocessor configured to execute one or more primary applications written in a first computer language; and a safety microprocessor configured to execute one or more safety applications written in a second computer language.

An insulin delivery device includes an insulin injection device in communication with a controller for controlling the insulin injection device. The controller is configured to receive a heart signal from one or more heart sensors, and a blood glucose signal from one or more blood glucose sensors. The controller is further configured to analyze changes in the heart rhythm of the subject based on the heart signal and determine, based on the changes in the heart rhythm and the blood glucose signal, whether the subject is and/or will be experiencing an adverse event. Upon determination that the subject is or will be experiencing an adverse event, the controller determines one or more parameters of delivery of insulin to be delivered to the subject. Finally, the controller is configured to control the injection device to deliver insulin to the subject in accordance with the determined one or more parameters of delivery.

Example systems, methods, and apparatus are disclosed herein for on-screen parameter programming guidance based on user-inputted data and patient history graphical display generation based on a user-inputted command. The example systems, methods, and apparatus are configured to use a preloaded drug library to determine the upper and lower limits of parameters, and display a color graph and differently-colored text on a PCA pump user interface screen accordingly. Additionally, the example systems, methods, and apparatus are configured to use real-time patient history data to generate and display a patient history graph on a user interface screen. The disclosed systems, methods, and apparatus prevent human programming errors by minimizing the need for extensive user interaction with PCA pumps and the need to toggle between programming screens. Further, the disclosed systems, methods, and apparatus prevent human programming errors by displaying patient history in a single, consolidated graph.

A closed-loop system for insulin infusion overnight uses a model predictive control algorithm (MPC). Used with the MPC is a glucose measurement error model which was derived from actual glucose sensor error data. That sensor error data included both a sensor artifacts component, including dropouts, and a persistent error component, including calibration error, all of which was obtained experimentally from living subjects. The MPC algorithm advised on insulin infusion every fifteen minutes. Sensor glucose input to the MPC was obtained by combining model-calculated, noise-free interstitial glucose with experimentally-derived transient and persistent sensor artifacts associated with the FreeStyle Navigator Continuous Glucose Monitor System (FSN). The incidence of severe and significant hypoglycemia reduced 2300- and 200-fold, respectively, during simulated overnight closed-loop control with the MPC algorithm using the glucose measurement error model suggesting that the continuous glucose monitoring technologies facilitate safe closed-loop insulin delivery.

A low-cost medical pump for ambulatory use provides reduced life components combined with a pump lockout enforcing a safe operating limit and preventing reuse after that limit is exceeded. An improved IV line clamp portion minimizes unsupported clamp structure length and provides a dual lock system preventing inadvertent clamp release.

Disclosed are processes and techniques implementable by a drug delivery system to maintain optimal drug delivery for a patient according to a treatment plan. The disclosed techniques enable a new drug delivery device that is exchanged for a previous drug delivery device to operate using analyte-based drug delivery control immediately during initialization instead of having to wait for a warm-up period. For example, a drug delivery device may include a processor and a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, operate the drug delivery device to receive a present analyte measurement value from an analyte sensor during an initialization of the drug delivery device, receive backfill values measured by the analyte sensor prior to the initialization, calculate a dosage of a drug using the present analyte measurement value and the backfill values, and deliver the dosage of the drug. Other embodiments are described.