This disclosure relates to methods that include depositing a first component and a second component to form a film including a plurality of nanostructures, and coating the nanostructures with a hydrophobic layer to render the film superhydrophobic. The first component and the second component can be immiscible and phase-separated during the depositing step. The first component and the second component can be independently selected from the group consisting of a metal oxide, a metal nitride, a metal oxynitride, a metal, and combinations thereof. The films can have a thickness greater than or equal to 5 nm; an average surface roughness (Ra) of from 90 to 120 nm, as measured on a 5 μm×5 μm area; a surface area of at least 20 m.sup.2/g; a contact angle with a drop of water of at least 120 degrees; and can maintain the contact angle when exposed to harsh conditions.

A shingle includes a substrate having an asphalt coating on a top surface of the substrate and on a bottom surface of the substrate. A surface layer of granules is embedded in the asphalt on the top surface of the substrate. A backdust layer of particles is embedded in the asphalt on the bottom surface of the substrate. A sealant is disposed on the backdust. A hydrophobic material is applied to the sealant.

A protective coating system includes a substrate that has an exterior surface exhibiting a degree of valley/hill surface irregularity including a plurality of hills and a plurality of valleys and a first coating layer formed directly on to the exterior surface of the substrate and that conforms to the exterior surface of the substrate such that the first coating layer has a non-uniform coating thickness over the substrate. The protective coating system further includes a second coating layer formed directly on to the exterior surface of the first coating layer. The second coating layer includes a plurality of pores within the second coating layer. Still further, the protective coating system includes a third coating layer formed within at least some of the plurality of pores within the second coating layer.

Glass or glass ceramic substrates are provided that have a decorative coating. Methods for coating a glass or glass ceramic substrate with a decorative coating are also provided. In the method, a first, textured layer is applied which is filled with a further layer, so that a layer material of graded composition is formed.

Abrasive particles comprising shaped abrasive particles each having a sidewall, each of the shaped abrasive particles comprising alpha alumina and having a first face and a second face separated by a sidewall and having a maximum thickness, T; and the shaped abrasive particles further comprising a plurality of grooves on the second face.

A light converter and method of manufacture is provided. A light conversion layer (301), comprising light conversion particles (301a) in a binding material (301b) is provided for generating emission light from excitation light incident on the light conversion layer (301). A planarization layer (304) is on a surface of the light conversion layer (301) and at least one optical coating (305) is part of or on a surface of the planarization layer (304) that is relatively smooth in comparison with the surface of the light conversion layer (301).

A glass or glass-ceramic carrier substrate, the substrate having undergone at least one complete cycle of a semiconductor fabrication process and having also undergone a reclamation process following the end of the semiconductor fabrication process; the glass or glass-ceramic carrier substrate comprising at least one of the following properties: (i) a coefficient of thermal expansion of less than 13 ppm/° C.; (ii) a Young's Modulus of 70 GPa to 150 GPa; (iii) an IR transmission of greater than 80% at a wavelength of 1064 nm; (iv) a UV transmission of greater than 20% at a wavelength of 255 nm to 360 nm; (v) a thickness tolerance within the same range as the thickness tolerance of the carrier substrate before undergoing at least one complete cycle of the semiconductor fabrication process; (vi) a total thickness variation of less than 2.5 μm; (vii) a failure strength of greater than 80 MPa using a 4-point-bending test; (viii) a pre-shape of 50 μm to 300 μm.

Provided is a light converter and its method of manufacture. A light conversion layer containing light conversion particles in a binding material is provided for generating emission light from excitation light incident on the light conversion layer. A planarization layer is disposed on a surface of the light conversion layer. At least one optical coating is part of or on a surface of the planarization layer that is relatively smooth in comparison with the surface of the light conversion layer.

This invention is to provide a hard coating film, comprising a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) base film and an antiglare hard coating layer formed thereon, wherein the antiglare hard coating layer comprises a (meth)acrylate composition, an initiator, a plurality of silica nanoparticles, a plurality of organic microparticles and a leveling agent. The (meth)acrylate composition comprises a urethane (meth)acrylate oligomer with a functionality of 6 to 15 and a molecular weight ranging between 1,000 and 4,500, and at least one (meth)acrylate monomer with a functionality of 3 to 6, and at least one (meth)acrylate monomer with functionality of less than 3.

An article having a nanostructured surface and a method of making the same are described. The article can include a substrate and a nanostructured layer bonded to the substrate. The nanostructured layer can include a plurality of spaced apart nanostructured features comprising a contiguous, protrusive material and the nanostructured features can be sufficiently small that the nanostructured layer is optically transparent. A surface of the nanostructured features can be coated with a continuous hydrophobic coating. The method can include providing a substrate; depositing a film on the substrate; decomposing the film to form a decomposed film; and etching the decomposed film to form the nanostructured layer.