A humidification system can include a heater base, a humidification chamber, and a breathing circuit. A cartridge can be removably coupled to the heater base. The cartridge can include various sensors, probes, sensor wire connectors, heater wire connectors, and/or other features. The cartridge can include features configured to mate with corresponding features on the humidification chamber and the heater base. The cartridge includes a memory, such as an EEPROM, or other suitable storage device. When the cartridge is installed on the heater base, the memory is electrically connected to a processor and/or memory of the heater base. Various models of cartridges can be produced for use with different humidification chambers, breathing circuits, and/or therapies. A connector can be configured to couple an inspiratory conduit to an outlet port of the humidification chamber. The connector can provide a pneumatic connection to the outlet port and an electrical connection to the cartridge.

A filter for an apparatus for delivering a flow of gas, the filter comprising: a filter body, wherein the filter body has a main compartment and a sub-compartment at least partly within the main compartment, wherein the main compartment is in fluid communication with a main compartment gases inlet and the sub-compartment is in fluid communication with a sub-compartment gases inlet; and a filter medium associated with both the main compartment and the sub-compartment, and that is arranged to filter gases in, or exiting, the main compartment and the sub-compartment.

A method of controlling a medical device is disclosed for delivering respiratory therapy to a user to treat sleep-disordered breathing, for instance obstructive sleep apnea, Cheyne-Stokes respiration etc. by estimating the user's CO2 percentage or concentration from a dynamic lung model driven by an observed respiration signal. The estimated user's CO2 percentage or concentration can be used to predict breathing events, such as hypopnea and apnea. The predictive capacity can be used for adjusting the respiratory therapy as required or for applying a ramp cycle therapy, in an attempt to reduce the prevalence and adverse effects of the breathing events. In other examples a variable ventilation therapy is provided in which pressure is supplied between first and second pressures, with the pressure being increased over more than one breath, and then dropped relatively rapidly, for example during expiration of a single breath.

A nasal cannula for use in a system for providing a flow of respiratory gases to a user is described. The nasal cannula comprises a body made from a pliable material. The body has an inlet and at least one nasal prong fluidly connected to the inlet. In use a conduit providing a flow of gases to the cannula is connected to the inlet, and the nasal prong is inserted into a user's nostril. The cannula is arranged to direct the flow of gases from the nasal prong towards the front wall of the user's nasal passage within the user's nose.

A passive neonatal transport incubator (PNTI), useful for thermo-regulating a neonate, comprising an inner volume configured by means of size and shape to accommodate the neonate, the inner volume is defined by an envelope having a main longitudinal axis with a proximal end and an opposite distal end, the envelope is at least partially perforated. Further, the PNTI is configured to be ventilated by an independently ventilated medical device, and is configured by means of size, shape and material to allow the neonate to be examined by the medical device.

A pressure support system configured to deliver a pressurized flow of breathable gas to the airway of a subject is described. The system is configured to treat obstructive sleep apnea, other sleep disordered breathing, and/or other respiratory issues with limited flow respiration therapy, and/or other therapies. Limited flow respiration therapy may be an alternative to CPAP, for example. The system is configured to limit flow rate compensation, pressure compensation, and/generator or compensation of other parameters during inspiration to values proportional to the current leak to achieve limited flow respiration therapy. In some embodiments, the system comprises one or more of a pressure generator, a subject interface, one or more sensors, a processor, a user interface, electronic storage, and/or other components.

The principles and embodiments of the present invention relate to methods and systems for safely providing NO to a recipient for inhalation therapy. There are many potential safety issues that may arise from using a reactor cartridge that converts NO.sub.2 to NO, including exhaustion of consumable reactants of the cartridge reactor. Accordingly, various embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods of determining the remaining useful life of a NO.sub.2-to-NO reactor cartridge and/or a breakthrough of NO.sub.2, and providing an indication of the remaining useful life and/or breakthrough.

A patient interface mask for use with a breathing assistance apparatus includes a seal that, in use, circumscribes a nose, mouth, or nose and mouth of a patient and defines an interior space of the mask. The mask includes an inlet into the interior space and an outlet from the interior space. A sensor is positioned outside of the interior space and in the path of exit gases exiting the interior space through the outlet. The sensor detects a parameter of the exit gases, such as temperature, humidity or both.

A patient interface includes: a plenum chamber; a seal-forming structure; a positioning and stabilising structure; a plenum chamber insert configured to be positioned and retained within the plenum chamber; and a vent structure; wherein the plenum chamber insert has a plenum chamber insert port; wherein the plenum chamber insert has an exterior surface configured to be positioned adjacent to an interior surface of the plenum chamber; wherein when the plenum chamber insert is positioned and retained within the plenum chamber, a radial channel is formed by the interior surface of the plenum chamber and the exterior surface of the plenum chamber insert such that gas is able to pass between a patient-proximal side of the plenum chamber insert and a patient-distal side of the plenum chamber insert via the radial channel during use.

A humidification assembly configured to humidify a pressurized respiratory gas is provided. The humidification assembly may include a liquid chamber configured to accommodate one or more liquids, the liquid chamber including a tank and a tank cover. The tank cover includes a shell, a humidification assembly gas inlet port, a humidification assembly gas outlet port, a first gas passage including an output port, and a second gas passage including an input port. The humidification assembly gas inlet port is configured to introduce the pressurized respiratory gas, via the first gas passage, into the tank. The humidification assembly gas outlet port is configured to introduce the humidified and pressurized respiratory gas, via the second gas passage back into a main body of the respiratory ventilation apparatus. The humidification assembly gas inlet port and the humidification assembly gas outlet port are set on a same side surface of the shell.