A ventilator includes a bidirectional breath detection airline and a flow outlet airline. The flow outlet airline includes an airline outlet. The flow outlet airline is configured to be connected to an invasive ventilator circuit or a noninvasive ventilator circuit. The breath detection airline includes airline inlet. The airline inlet is separated from the airline outlet of the flow outlet airline. The ventilator further includes a pressure sensor in direct fluid communication with the breath detection airline. The pressure sensor is configured to measure breathing pressure from the user and generate sensor data indicative of breathing by the user. The ventilator further includes a controller in electronic communication with the pressure sensor. The controller is programmed to detect the breathing by the user based on the sensor data received from the pressure sensor.

Described is an apparatus for oxygenation and/or CO2 clearance of a patient, comprising: a flow source or a connection for a flow source for providing a gas flow, a gas flow modulator, a controller to control the gas flow, wherein the controller is operable to: receive input relating to heart activity and/or trachea gas flow of the patient, and control the gas flow modulator to provide a varying gas flow with one or more oscillating components with a frequency or frequencies based on the heart activity and/or trachea flow of the patient.

Systems and methods are provided for delivering one or more drugs. In some embodiments, a drug delivery system includes a housing having a distal end with an inlet through which an inspiratory flow of air passes into the housing, a proximal end having a patient interface attached thereto, the patient interface being configured to interface with a user, and an inspiratory flow pathway extending from the distal end to the proximal end of the housing. A nitric oxide (NO) source is positioned within the housing and is configured to deliver NO-containing gas to the patient interface. A secondary drug source is positioned within the housing and is configured to deliver a secondary drug to the patient interface. A controller is configured to control an amount of NO-containing gas and an amount of the secondary drug delivered using a control scheme.

An oxygen concentrator may have a compressor to feed a feed gas for sieve bed(s) via a first manifold, an accumulator to receive enriched air from the bed(s) via a second manifold. It may include an outer housing for the manifolds, the compressor, and the accumulator. The housing may include an access portal to a compartment therein, for removably receiving the bed(s) as a canister assembly. The first manifold may be adjacent to the compartment and have inlet coupling(s) for removably coupling respectively with inlet(s) of the canister assembly. The inlet coupling(s) may each have a first central axis. The second manifold may be adjacent to the compartment and have outlet coupling(s) for removably coupling respectively with outlet(s) of the canister assembly. The outlet coupling(s) may each having a second central axis. The first and second central axes may form any one of an obtuse, acute, or right angle.

An oxygen concentrator includes one or more adsorbent sieve beds operable to remove nitrogen from air to produce concentrated oxygen gas at respective outlets thereof, a product tank fluidly coupled to the respective outlets of the sieve bed(s), a compressor operable to pressurize ambient air, one or more sieve bed flow paths from the compressor to respective inlets of the sieve bed(s), a bypass flow path from the compressor to the product tank that bypasses the sieve bed(s), and a valve unit operable to selectively allow flow of pressurized ambient air from the compressor along the one or more sieve bed flow paths and along the bypass flow path in response to a control signal. The valve unit may be controlled in response to a command issued by a ventilator based on a calculated or estimated total flow of gas and entrained air or % FiO.sub.2 of a patient.

Systems and methods for nitric oxide generation are provided. In an embodiment, an NO generation system can include a controller and disposable cartridge that can provide nitric oxide to two different treatments simultaneously. The disposable cartridge has multiple purposes including preparing incoming gases for exposure to the NO generation process, scrubbing exhaust gases for unwanted materials, characterizing the patient inspiratory flow, and removing moisture from sample gases collected. Plasma generation can be done within the cartridge or within the controller. The system has the capability of calibrating NO and NO.sub.2 gas analysis sensors without the use of a calibration gas.

Systems and methods for nitric oxide (NO) generation systems are provided. In some embodiments, an NO generation system comprises at least one pair of electrodes configured to generate a product gas containing NO from a flow of a reactant gas. The electrodes have elongated surfaces such that a plasma produced is carried by the flow of the reactant gas and glides along the elongated surfaces from a first end towards a second end of the electrode pair. A controller is configured to regulate the amount of NO in the product gas by the at least one pair of electrodes using one or more parameters as an input to the controller. The one or more parameters include information from a plurality of sensors configured to collect information relating to at least one of the reactant gas, the product gas, and a medical gas into which the product gas flows.

A high flow therapy system for delivering heated and humidified respiratory gas to an airway of a patient, the system including a respiratory gas flow pathway for delivering the respiratory gas to the airway of the patient by way of a non-sealing respiratory interface; wherein flow rate of the pressurized respiratory gas is controlled by a microprocessor.

A breathing device includes a first and second nasal insert for each nostril of a user. Each insert includes an opening and a valve provided at the opening for selectively restricting or allowing the passage of air through the opening. The breathing device also includes a controller adapted to control each of the valves so that the passage of air is restricted at one of the nasal inserts and allowed at the other.

An apparatus for oxygenation and/or CO2 clearance of a patient. The apparatus comprising: a flow source or a connection for a flow source for providing a gas flow, a gas flow modulator, a controller to control the gas flow. The controller is operable to: receive input relating to heart activity and/or trachea gas flow of the patient, and control the gas flow modulator to provide a varying gas flow with at least two oscillating components. One oscillating component has a frequency based on the heart activity and/or trachea flow of the patient. One oscillating component has a frequency to: promote bulk gas flow movement, or promote mixing.