A high pressure tank of a high pressure tank apparatus includes: a resin-made liner; a reinforced layer covering an outer surface of the liner; and a supplying/discharging hole to which a supplying/discharging flow path is connected via a connecting section. A storage section is capable of storing a leaked fluid that has leaked from the connecting section and a temporary release fluid that has been led out from between the liner and the reinforced layer. A control section, when an internal pressure detection value of the high pressure tank due to a pressure sensor is greater than a threshold value, judges whether the leaked fluid has occurred, based on a detection result of a sensor detecting a concentration of a hydrogen gas inside the storage section, and otherwise does based on a detection result of the pressure sensor.

A petroleum pipeline safety system for preventing contamination of an environmentally sensitive area close to a pipeline includes an upstream portion of the pipeline supplying a flow of fluid material, a crossing portion of the pipeline receiving the flow of fluid material from the upstream portion and conveying the flow of fluid material through the environmentally sensitive area to a downstream portion of the pipeline, the downstream portion, a pipeline pressure activated valve selectively capable of blocking the flow of fluid material from entering the crossing portion based upon a change in pressure within the crossing portion, and a fluid capacitor connected to the upstream portion configured to filter out a pressure spike in the upstream portion associated with the valve blocking the flow of fluid material.

A refrigeration apparatus includes a primary circuit with a first expansion valve, a bypass circuit extending between branching and joining portions on the refrigerant primary circuit, a heat exchanger, a second expansion valve disposed upstream of the heat exchanger in the bypass circuit, first and second refrigerant flow rate calculating components, and a determining component. The primary circuit also includes a compressor, radiator, and evaporator. The heat exchanger includes first and second refrigerant flow paths disposed on the primary and bypass circuits, respectively, to cause heat between refrigerant flowing in the paths. The first and second refrigerant flow rate calculating components calculate first and second flow rates of refrigerant flowing through the bypass circuit based on refrigeration cycle theory and fluid theory, respectively. The determining component determines whether there is refrigerant leakage or refrigerant charge deficiency based on comparison of the first and second refrigerant flow rates.

A system and method of operating a water supply system with one or more water consuming appliances is provided. The water supply system includes a hot water heater for supplying a flow of heated water through a supply conduit to at least one water consuming appliance. The water consuming appliance receives the flow of heated water and provides an indication of a fault condition if excessive water accumulates in the appliance, which might indicate a malfunction with a drain pump or a water supply valve. A safety shutoff valve is positioned on the supply conduit and is in operative communication with the water consuming appliance. The safety shutoff valve is configured for stopping the flow of heated water when it receives the indication of the fault condition.

A refrigeration apparatus includes a primary circuit with a first expansion valve, a bypass circuit extending between branching and joining portions on the refrigerant primary circuit, a heat exchanger, a second expansion valve disposed upstream of the heat exchanger in the bypass circuit, first and second refrigerant flow rate calculating components, and a determining component. The primary circuit also includes a compressor, radiator, and evaporator. The heat exchanger includes first and second refrigerant flow paths disposed on the primary and bypass circuits, respectively, to cause heat between refrigerant flowing in the paths. The first and second refrigerant flow rate calculating components calculate first and second flow rates of refrigerant flowing through the bypass circuit based on refrigeration cycle theory and fluid theory, respectively. The determining component determines whether there is refrigerant leakage or refrigerant charge deficiency based on comparison of the first and second refrigerant flow rates.

A water leak detection and prevention device comprised of a leak detection apparatus positioned near a water-dependent appliance to monitor for moisture due to a leak, and a leak prevention system connected to the leak detection apparatus in fluid communication with a water pipe attached to the water-dependent appliance and positioned in-line with the water pipe is disclosed.

A method of reducing leakage from a pipeline includes the steps of: pumping fluid through a pipeline using at least one pump, the at least one pump comprising a reversible, positive displacement fluid pump; detecting a leak in the pipeline downstream of the pump; reversing the at least one pump to draw fluid out of a downstream section of the pipeline; and redirecting the fluid being drawn from the pipeline into a storage container.

A real time method and dynamic logic-based system for enhancing the operation of a pipeline network is disclosed. The system and method perform monitoring of the operation of a pipeline network, generate alarms in response to differing levels of destabilized pipeline operations, manage the generation of alarms based upon known operating events and operating conditions, diagnose potential source of the detected destabilized events and manage the operation of the pipeline.