A forming method of an yttrium oxide fluoride (YOF) coating film and a (YOF) coating film formed thereby are disclosed. The YOF coating film has no or extremely small pores therein and a nanostructure to increase light transmittance thereof, and has high hardness and high bonding strength and thus can protect a transparent window of a display device. The method for forming an YOF coating film involves the steps of: providing pretreated YOF powder having a particle diameter ranging from 0.1 to 12 μm; receiving a transfer gas supplied from a transfer gas supply unit and receiving the pretreated YOF powder supplied from a powder supply unit to transfer the pretreated YOF powder in an aerosol state; and colliding/smashing (spraying) the pretreated YOF powder transferred in the aerosol state with/onto a substrate in a process chamber to form an YOF coating film on the substrate.

A seal laminate for closing a mouth of a container is provided. The seal laminate includes a heat seal layer, a structural base support layer and upper and lower dimensional stable layers. The heat seal layer bonds the laminate to a rim surrounding the container's mouth. The structural base support layer may be comprised of a pulp, paper, cardboard, chipboard, paperboard, or cellulose based material having a moisture content of about 3 to about 6 percent and is positioned above the heat seal layer. The upper and lower dimensionally stable layers are disposed above and below the structural base support layer and are sized to balance the vertical forces on the structural base support layer upon exposure to about 60 percent or greater relative humidity. The upper and lower dimensionally stable layers have a water vapor transmission rate of about 1.5 g/100 in.sup.2/24 hours or below.

The invention relates to an aluminum alloy strip with improved surface optics, which is fabricated via hot and/or cold rolling, and consists of a type AA 3xxx, AA 5xxx, AA 6xxx or AA 8xxx aluminum alloy. The object of proposing an aluminum alloy strip that is suitable for attractive and precious surface optics despite the elevated percentage of alloy constituents is achieved in that, after degreasing, the finish-rolled aluminum alloy strip exhibits an increase in the luminance value L*(ΔL) in relation to the rolled-greasy state of more than 5 while measuring the color of the surface in the CIE L*a*b* color space using a standard illuminant D65 and a normal observation angle of 10°, excluding direct reflection in 45°/0° geometry.

A hot-dip galvanized steel sheet wherein the hot-dip galvanized steel sheet comprises a base steel sheet and a hot-dip galvanized layer, a ferrite phase is, by volume fraction, 50% or less in a range of ⅛ thickness to ⅜ thickness centered at a position of ¼ thickness from the surface of the base steel sheet, a hard structure is 50% or more, wherein the hot-dip galvanized steel sheet has the hot-dip galvanized layer in which Fe is 5.0% or less and Al is 1.0% or less, and columnar grains formed of a ζ phase is 20% or more in an entire interface between the plated layer and the base steel sheet, on the surface of the base steel sheet in which a volume fraction of a residual austenite is 3% or less and a ratio of a volume fraction of the hard structure is 0.10 times or more to 0.90 times or less of that of the hard structure in the range of ⅛ thickness to ⅜ thickness in a range of 20 μm depth in a steel sheet direction originating an interface between the hot-dip galvanized layer and the base steel sheet, and wherein the hot-dip galvanized steel sheet has a refined layer at the side of the interface in the base steel sheet, and wherein an average thickness of the refined layer, an average grain size of ferrite in the refined layer and a maximum size of the oxide included in the refined layer are defined respectively.

Provided is a waterproof sheet such that an adhesive layer is formed on a substrate rubber layer and characterized by the substrate rubber layer comprising a silicone rubber having a JIS-A hardness of 15-90, a tensile strength of at least 3 MPa, an elongation of 100-800%, and a crescent tear strength of at least 3 kN/m. The waterproof sheet can be used without a long-term decrease in material properties, and is waterproof in the long-term. In particular, the present invention can be a waterproof sheet able to withstand long-term use by means of stipulating the material properties of the substrate rubber. By means of a method for applying waterproofing to an outdoor tank, it is possible to reliably waterproof the bottom side of the outdoor tank by means of a simple application method.

A metal workpiece, such as a wheel, and a method of providing an enhanced corrosion resistant surface coating on an exposed surface of a metal or alloy substrate (such as magnesium). A corrosion resistance basecoat is formed, including generating an oxide layer, and applying a first primer coating onto at least a portion of the oxide layer. The method may further include identifying highest corrosion prone areas on the substrate and designing a support rack that avoids contact with these corrosion prone areas. The method also includes forming a topcoat over at least a portion of the basecoat, by applying a second primer coating onto at least a portion of the first primer coating and depositing a sputtered metallic film onto the second primer coating using a physical vapor deposition technique. A clear coat layer may be applied over the metallic film.

A method of plasma spraying an article comprises inserting the article into a vacuum chamber for a low pressure plasma spraying system. A low pressure plasma spray process is then performed by the low pressure plasma spraying system to form a first plasma resistant layer having a thickness of 20-500 microns and a porosity of over 1%. A plasma spray thin film, plasma spray chemical vapor deposition or plasma spray physical vapor deposition process is then performed by the low pressure plasma spraying system to deposit a second plasma resistant layer on the first plasma resistant layer, the second plasma resistant layer having a thickness of less than 50 microns and a porosity of less than 1%.

A tin-plated copper alloy terminal material in which an Sn-based surface layer is formed on a surface of a base material that is made of copper or a copper alloy, and a Cu—Sn alloy layer and an Ni layer or an Ni alloy layer are sequentially formed between the Sn-based surface layer and the base material from the Sn-based surface layer side: the Cu—Sn alloy layer is a layer that is formed only of an intermetallic compound alloy which is obtained by substituting some of Cu in Cu.sub.6Sn.sub.5 alloy with Ni; and parts of the Cu—Sn alloy layer are exposed from the Sn-based surface layer, thereby forming a plurality of exposed portions; an average thickness of the Sn-based surface layer is from 0.2 μm to 0.6 μm (inclusive); and an area rate of the exposed portions of the Cu—Sn alloy layer relative to a surface area of is 1% to 40% (inclusive).

Described herein is a mirror apparatus comprising: a reflective substrate; and an anti-fog complex comprising: an adhesive layer atop the substrate; a first polymeric layer atop the pressure sensitive adhesive layer; and a second polymeric layer atop the first polymeric layer. Methods of making the mirror apparatus are also disclosed.

Provided is a zinc-based plated steel sheet having a post-treated coating filmed thereon including: a steel sheet; a zinc plated layer formed on the steel sheet; and a post-treated coating formed on the plated layer, wherein the atomic ratio (O/M) of oxygen (O) to metals (M) contained in the post-treated coating is greater than 2 and less than 20, and a method for post-treating a zinc-based plated steel sheet. According to this, the zinc-based plated steel sheet having the post-treated coating formed thereon has the effects excellent in lubricity, weldability, adhesiveness, film-removing property and paintability. As the method of post-treating a zinc-based plated steel sheet of the present invention employs a simple coating method irrespective of the kind of plating layer, the process is simple and economical and the process operation cost is low.