Disclosed herein are systems and methods for monitoring calibration of positron emission tomography (PET) systems. In some variations, the systems include an imaging assembly having a gantry comprising a plurality of positron emission detectors. A housing may be coupled to the gantry, and the housing may include a bore and a radiation source holder spaced away from a patient scan region within the bore. A processor may be configured to receive positron emission data from the positron emission detectors and to distinguish the positron emission data from the radiation source holder and from the patient scan region. A fault signal may be generated when the positron emission data from the radiation source holder exceeds one or more threshold parameters or criteria.

Disclosed herein are methods for radiotherapy treatment planning and delivery that use sensor data from one or more target sensors. One variation of a radiotherapy treatment planning method comprises generating a sensor characterization image based on a sensor characterization probability density function (PDF) of a target sensor and calculating a set of firing filters that may be applied to sensor images generated from sensor data acquired during a radiation-delivery session. Additionally, a variation of a radiotherapy treatment planning method comprises generating multiple sensor characterization images based on multiple sensor characterization PDF of multiple target sensors and calculating multiple sets of firing filters for each of the multiple target sensors. The firing filters may be used with sensor images generated from target sensor data acquired from one or more target sensors during a radiation-delivery session to calculate a radiation fluence for delivering therapeutic radiation to a target region.

A method may include obtaining a first acquisition time period related to a scan of a first modality performed on an object. The method may also include obtaining one or more second acquisition time periods related to a scan of a second modality performed on the object. The method may also include obtaining, based on the first acquisition time period and the one or more second acquisition time periods, target data of the object acquired in the scan of the first modality. The method may also include generating one or more target images of the object based on the target data.

A radiation treatment device is provided. The device includes an imaging unit and a single radiotherapy unit adjacent to a second end of the imaging unit. The imaging unit includes a first opening at a first end of the imaging unit adapted to receive a patient; at least one imaging source; and at least one imager arranged opposite the imaging source. The imaging source and the imager are rotatable about the rotational axis. The radiotherapy unit includes a source body carrying radioactive sources and a collimator having collimation channels. The collimation channels permit treatment beams emitted by the radioactive sources to be projected inside the imaging unit and focused at an intersection point located within an imaging beam of the imaging unit. The source body and the collimator are arranged concentric about the rotational axis and close a second opening at the second end.

A radiotherapy device and a control driving method thereof are provided. The radiotherapy device includes a radiation source apparatus having a plurality of radiation sources, a source carrier and a collimator. The source carrier includes a source box and a source box region conforming to a shape of the source box, the source box is detachably fixed at the source box region, the plurality of radiation sources are mounted in the source box, the source box is provided with a first connecting part, the source carrier is provided with a second connecting part, and the first connecting part is configured to connect the second connecting part.

A detector module system for positron emission tomography including a plurality of gamma ray detector modules. Each pair of one detector module and one interconnection element includes mutually engaging locking means for releasably connecting the detector module to the interconnection element. Further each interconnection element includes locking means for releasably connecting at least two detector modules to said interconnection element. Further each of said gamma ray detector modules includes a sensor adapted to detect gamma radiation occurring from short-lived radionuclides radiating from a body and to generate a radiation output corresponding to the detected gamma radiation, and the detector module system comprises a processing circuitry adapted to receive said radiation output from each of the gamma ray detector modules and to generate a resulting radiation representation for the positron emission tomography event, based on the received radiation output. Also, a medical apparatus for positron emission tomography.

Systems and methods are provided for registering images. The systems and methods perform operations comprising: receiving, at a first time point in a given radiation session, a first imaging slice corresponding to a first plane; encoding the first imaging slice to a lower dimensional representation; applying a trained machine learning model to the encoded first imaging slice to estimate an encoded version of a second imaging slice corresponding to a second plane at the first time point to provide a pair of imaging slices for the first time point; simultaneously spatially registering the pair of imaging slices to a volumetric image, received prior to the given radiation session, comprising a time-varying object to calculate displacement of the object; and generating an updated therapy protocol to control delivery of a therapy beam based on the calculated displacement of the object.

Systems and techniques may be used to estimate a patient state during a radiotherapy treatment. For example, a method may include generating a dictionary of expanded potential patient measurements and corresponding potential patient states using a preliminary motion model. The method may include training, using a machine learning technique, a correspondence motion model relating an input patient measurement to an output patient state using the dictionary. The method may include estimating, using a processor, the patient state corresponding to an input image using the correspondence motion model.

Disclosed herein are methods for patient setup and registration for the irradiation of target tissue regions. A method for positioning a patient for radiation therapy may include acquiring an image of a first patient target region and a second patient target region. A first set of patient position-shift vectors may be calculated based on the acquired image and a treatment planning image of the first patient target region. A second set of patient position-shift vectors may be calculated based on the acquired image, a treatment planning image of the second patient target region, and the first set of patient position-shift vectors. The patient may be positioned according to the first set of patient position-shift vectors in a first location. The patient may be moved to a second location and positioned according to the second set of patient position-shift vectors.

Systems and methods for determining a target area relating to a subject situated on a table of a medical system are provided. The medical system may include a first device of a first modality and a second device of a second modality. In some embodiments, the system may: identify a second target area relating to the subject for performing a second operation using the second device; determine, based on the second target area, an initial target area relating to the subject for performing a first operation using the first device; and determine a first target area relating to the subject for performing the first operation using the first device by adjusting the initial target area.