Electromagnetic waves for an accelerating structure of the radiation delivery system are generated by a microwave source. The electromagnetic waves generated by the microwave source are adjusted by an energy adjuster to a first energy level. A kilovolt (kV) imaging beam is generated by the accelerating structure based on the first energy level. The electromagnetic waves generated by the magnetic source are adjusted by the energy adjuster to a second energy level. A megavolt (MV) treatment beam is generated by the accelerating structure based on the second energy level.

A radiation treatment session is initiated to deliver a therapeutic radiation beam from a therapeutic radiation source to a target. One or more X-ray radiation sources are caused to deliver an imaging radiation beam from the one or more X-ray radiation sources through the target to one or more X-ray detectors to acquire imaging data associated with the target during therapeutic radiation beam delivery. One or more volumetric images are constructed using the acquired imaging data.

A radiation system is provided. The radiation system may include a bore accommodating an object, a rotary ring, a first radiation source and a second radiation source mounted on the rotary ring and a processor. The first radiation source may be configured to emit a first cone beam toward a first region of the object. The second radiation source may be configured to emit a second beam toward a second region of the object, the second region including at least a part of the first region. The processor may be configured to obtain a treatment plan of the object, the treatment plan including parameters associated with radiation segments. The processor may be further configured to control an emission of the first cone beam and/or the second beam based on the parameters associated with the radiation segments to perform a treatment and a 3-D imaging simultaneously.

The invention comprises a segmented rolling floor apparatus and method of use thereof, such as for use in a charged particle cancer therapy system. The segmented rolling floor comprises a first spool and a second spool, attached to opposite ends of the rolling floor, which cooperatively wind and unwind the rolling floor. The segmented rolling floor circumferentially surrounds a nozzle system penetrating through an aperture in the segmented rolling floor, where the nozzle system is used to deliver charged particles, from an accelerator, to a tumor of a patient. The rolling floor and nozzle systems move at respective rates maintaining the nozzle system in the aperture allowing for a safe/walkable floor while allowing treatment of the tumor as a gantry rotates the nozzle system and delivers protons to the tumor from positions above and below the floor.

Systems and methods are provided for registering images. The systems and methods perform operations comprising: receiving, at a first time point in a given radiation session, a first imaging slice corresponding to a first plane; encoding the first imaging slice to a lower dimensional representation; applying a trained machine learning model to the encoded first imaging slice to estimate an encoded version of a second imaging slice corresponding to a second plane at the first time point to provide a pair of imaging slices for the first time point; simultaneously spatially registering the pair of imaging slices to a volumetric image, received prior to the given radiation session, comprising a time-varying object to calculate displacement of the object; and generating an updated therapy protocol to control delivery of a therapy beam based on the calculated displacement of the object.

A radiation system is provided. The radiation system may include a bore accommodating an object, a rotary ring, a first radiation source and a second radiation source mounted on the rotary ring and a processor. The first radiation source may be configured to emit a first cone beam toward a first region of the object. The second radiation source may be configured to emit a second beam toward a second region of the object, the second region including at least a part of the first region. The processor may be configured to obtain a treatment plan of the object, the treatment plan including parameters associated with radiation segments. The processor may be further configured to control an emission of the first cone beam and/or the second beam based on the parameters associated with the radiation segments to perform a treatment and a 3-D imaging simultaneously.

In a radiation therapy system, treatment X-rays are delivered to a target volume at the same time that imaging X-rays are also delivered to the target volume for generating image data of the target volume. That is, during an imaging interval in which imaging X-rays are delivered to the target volume, one or more pulses of treatment X-rays are also delivered to the target volume. In each pixel of an X-ray imaging device of the radiation therapy system, image signal is accumulated during portions of the imaging interval in which only imaging X-rays are delivered to the target volume and is prevented from accumulating in each pixel during the pulses of treatment X-rays.

The invention comprises a method and apparatus for imaging a tumor with X-rays while, simultaneously or alternatingly, treating or imaging the tumor with positively charged particles. An X-ray imaging system, such as one or two sets of a cone beam X-ray source coupled to an X-ray detector, is rotatable about a first axis and a patient. The X-ray imaging system is positioned off axis a path of charged particles delivered through an exit port of a nozzle system from a synchrotron and does not block a path of the positively charged particles from the exit nozzle to the patient or an imaging path from the patient to a scintillation detector. Fiducial indicators are used to confirm an unobstructed path of the positively charged particles in a treatment room comprising many movable elements, such as the X-ray imaging system and a patient positioning system/couch.

An imaging apparatus and associated methods are provided to receive measured projection data in a primary region and correct for scatter by processing the imaging data as two separate components: non-scatter-corrected data and scatter-only data. Separate image processing (e.g., reconstruction) allows for the use of individualized data processing, including filters, suited to the source data, thereby focusing on specific aspects of the source data, including, for example, noise and artifact reduction, resolution, edge preservation, etc. Combining the separately processed data results in an optimized balance of these aspects with improved image quality.

Systems and techniques may be used to estimate a patient state during a radiotherapy treatment. For example, a method may include generating a dictionary of expanded potential patient measurements and corresponding potential patient states using a preliminary motion model. The method may include training, using a machine learning technique, a correspondence motion model relating an input patient measurement to an output patient state using the dictionary. The method may include estimating, using a processor, the patient state corresponding to an input image using the correspondence motion model.