A method includes positioning a patient at a first orientation relative to a radiation source. The method further includes using a 3D imaging technique to measure one or more positions of the patient's chest. The method further includes, while using the 3D imaging technique to measure the one or more positions of the patient's chest: generating a model of the patient's chest using the one or more positions of the patient's chest; updating the model of the patient's chest as the patient breathes; and exposing the patient to a dose of radiation using the radiation source, wherein the dose is based on the model of the patient's chest.

A deformable radiotherapy phantom can be produced using an additive manufacturing process, based on a medical image of the patient. The deformable phantom can include dosimeters for measuring radiation dose distribution. A smart material can allow deformation in response to an applied stimulus. Among other things, the phantom can be used to validate radiation dose warping, a radiotherapy treatment plan, to determine a maximum acceptable deformation of the patient, to validate a cumulative accuracy of dose warping and deformable image registration, or the like.

The invention provides a particle therapy system in which whether to perform any one irradiation method of a raster scanning method and a discrete spot scanning method can also be selected based on previous selection depending on a target volume 41 of a patient 4 to be irradiated, and either of the irradiation methods of the raster scanning method and the discrete spot scanning method is configured to be capable of being performed by one irradiation apparatus 500. Therefore, a small particle therapy system capable of achieving both higher accuracy irradiation and high dose rate improvement is provided.

An endorectal balloon having a pocket thereon for holding a sensor cable that can be used for radiation dosimetry or to detect motion of the prostate or balloon.

The disclosure is directed to a radiotherapy system having a treatment device for treating a treatment body part of a patient with a treatment beam arrangement. The treatment device is included with a couch for placing the patient and includes a medical imaging devices for outputting three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography images to a computer, and a medical imaging x-ray device for generating at least one x-ray image, if the patient is placed on the couch for treatment, and for outputting at least one x-ray image to the computer. The system will output movement control data to control the relative position of the treatment body part relative to the treatment beam if it is determined there is the offset between the position of the treatment body part relative to the bony structure as described by the image data and the position of the treatment body part relative to a bony structure.

Described herein are methods for beam station delivery of radiation treatment, where the patient platform is moved to a series of discrete patient platform locations or beam stations that are determined during treatment planning, stopped at each of these locations while the radiation source rotates about the patient delivering radiation to the target regions that intersect the radiation beam path, and then moving to the next location after the prescribed dose of radiation (e.g., in accordance with a calculated fluence map) for that location has been delivered to the patient.

A method of determining a treatment parameter, includes determining an accumulated dose at a target region that undergoes motion, determining an accumulated dose at a critical region, and determining the treatment parameter based on the determined accumulated dose at the target region and the determined accumulated dose at the critical region, wherein the act of determining the treatment parameter is performed during a treatment session. A method of determining a treatment parameter, includes tracking a position of a target, delivering radiation to the target based on the tracked position, and compensating for an inaccuracy of the tracked position by using information regarding a delivered dose to determine a treatment parameter for a next beam delivery.

A neutron capture therapy system includes a therapy table on which an irradiation target is placed, a neutron beam irradiation unit which irradiates the irradiation target placed on the therapy table with a neutron beam, a position measurement unit which measures a position of the irradiation target placed on the therapy table, and a radiation dose distribution output unit which outputs a radiation dose distribution of a neutron beam used for irradiating the irradiation target, based on an amount of positional misalignment of the position of the irradiation target measured by the position measurement unit.

The disclosure relates to a system and method for adapt a treatment plan. The method may include: obtaining an initial treatment plan of a region of interest, wherein the initial treatment plan includes a first initial treatment fraction and a second initial treatment fraction; causing a radiation treatment device to deliver the first initial treatment fraction; obtaining a treatment record related to the first initial treatment fraction; and generating an updated second treatment fraction based on the second initial treatment fraction and the treatment record.

An apparatus comprising a radiation source, coincident positron emission detectors configured to detect coincident positron annihilation emissions originating within a coordinate system, and a controller coupled to the radiation source and the coincident positron emission detectors, the controller configured to identify coincident positron annihilation emission paths intersecting one or more volumes in the coordinate system and align the radiation source along an identified coincident positron annihilation emission path.