Provided herein is a hydrogen permeation barrier coating, a coated substrate, and methods of coating a substrate.

Embodiments of this application provide an electronic device, a rotating shaft, a laminated composite material, and a method for manufacturing a laminated composite material. The laminated composite material includes at least two material layers that form the laminated composite material, and the at least two material layers include a first material layer and a second material layer adjacent to each other. The first material layer uses a first metal material, yield strength of the first metal material is greater than 200 Mpa, and an elongation rate of the first metal material is greater than 6%. The second material layer uses a first composite material, and the first composite material includes a second metal material and diamond particles. In this way, heat conduction performance and heat dissipation performance of the rotating shaft are improved while fracture-resistant performance and wear-resistant performance of the rotating shaft are ensured, thereby improving user experience.