A coating for protecting a base material from wear and corrosion includes a first layer deposited directly onto an outer surface of the base material. In addition, the coating includes a second layer deposited directly onto the first layer. The first layer is positioned between the base material and the second layer. The first layer includes chromium having a first micro-crack density and the second layer comprises chromium having a second micro-crack density that is less than the first micro-crack density.

A heterogeneous composition is disclosed, including an alloy mixture and a ceramic additive. The alloy mixture includes a first alloy having a first melting point of at least a first threshold temperature, and a second alloy having a second melting point of less than a second threshold temperature. The second threshold temperature is lower than the first threshold temperature. The first alloy, the second alloy, and the ceramic additive are intermixed with one another as distinct phases. An article is disclosed including a first portion including a material composition, and a second portion including the heterogeneous composition. A method for forming the article is disclosing, including applying the second portion to the first portion.

A surface-treated steel sheet for fuel tanks, including: a ZnNi alloy plating layer on one surface or both surfaces of a steel sheet; and a trivalent chromate covering layer or a chromate-free covering layer on the ZnNi alloy plating layer. The steel sheet consists of, in mass %, C: 0.0005 to 0.0050%, Si: 0.01 to 1.00%, Mn: 0.70 to 2.00%, P: less than or equal to 0.060%, S: less than or equal to 0.010%, Al: 0.01 to 0.30%, N: 0.001 to 0.010%, Ti: 0.010 to 0.050%, Nb: 0.010 to 0.040%, B: 0.0005 to 0.0030%, and the balance: Fe and unavoidable impurities. In a surface outermost layer of the trivalent chromate covering layer or the chromate-free covering layer, concavities, of which a depth from an arithmetic average height of a cross-sectional curve of the surface outermost layer is more than or equal to 0.1 m, exist in a proportion of 50 to 1000 concavities/mm.sup.2 and at an area ratio of 20 to 80% to a surface area of the steel sheet.

The invention relates to a substrate with a corrosion resistant coating comprising at least one nickel layer and at least one chromium layer as finish. Between these layers, at least one tin-nickel alloy layer is deposited for suppression of corrosion reactions determined by CASS and Russian mud tests. The invention relates also to a method for producing such substrates with corrosion resistant coating.

A strip product consists of a metallic substrate, such as stainless steel, and a coating, which in turn comprises at least one metallic layer and one reactive layer. The coated strip product is produced by providing the different layers, preferably by coating, and thereafter oxidizing the coating to accomplish a conductive surface layer comprising perovskite and/or spinel structure.

Methods of enhancing the corrosion resistance of an oxidizable material exposed to a supercritical fluid is disclosed One method includes placing a surface layer on an oxidizable material, and choosing a buffered supercritical fluid containing a reducing agent with the composition of the buffered supercritical fluid containing the reducing agent chosen to avoid the corrosion of the surface layer or reduce the rate of corrosion of the surface layer and avoid the corrosion of the oxidizable material or reduce the rate of corrosion of the oxidizable material at a temperature above the supercritical temperature and supercritical pressure of the supercritical fluid.

A substrate for flexible device, including a stainless steel sheet, an oxide layer formed on a surface of the stainless steel sheet, and a glass layer of electrically-insulating bismuth-based glass formed in a form of layer on the surface of the oxide layer. Also disclosed is a sheet for flexible device, including a stainless steel sheet, and an oxide layer on a surface of the stainless steel sheet, the oxide layer having a thickness of not less than 30 nm.

The invention relates to a method for producing a grain-orientated electric steel which is coated with a phosphate layer and in which there is applied to the electric steel a phosphate solution which contains a colloid component and at least one colloid stabilizer (A) and/or at least one pickling inhibitor (B), the phosphate solution containing at least one compound which has chromium in the oxidation stage III (chromium (III) compound). Grain-orientated electric steel produced with the method according to the invention is distinguished by excellent optical properties and a high tensile stress.

A process of fabricating a shield, a process of preparing a component, and an erosion shield are disclosed. The process of fabricating the shield includes forming a near-net shape shield. The near-net shape shield includes a nickel-based layer and an erosion-resistant alloy layer. The nickel-based layer is configured to facilitate secure attachment of the near-net shaped to a component. The process of preparing the component includes securing a near-net shape shield to a substrate of a component.

A method for applying a protective layer to protect against an impact stress includes mixing a sealing alloy in a powder form with a binder and water to form a pasty compound, applying the pasty compound on a surface to be protected, drying the applied pasty compound, and heating the dried applied pasty compound to a temperature of at least 800 C.