Various embodiments are directed to a method of driving an end effector coupled to an ultrasonic drive system of a surgical instrument. The method comprises generating at least one electrical signal. The at least one electrical signal is monitored against a first set of logic conditions. A first response is triggered when the first set of logic conditions is met. A parameter is determined from the at least one electrical signal.

A synergistic pulse generation circuit comprises a first power supply, a first pulse generation module electrically connected to the first power supply, a second power supply, and a second pulse generation module electrically connected to the second power supply. The first pulse generation module comprises n stages of first pulse generation units, each of which is configured to receive electrical energy provided by the first power supply and store same, so that x of the first pulse generation units receiving a first control signal discharge to form a first pulse applied to a load. The second pulse generation module comprises m stages of second pulse generation units, each of which is configured to receive electrical energy provided by the second power supply and store same, so that y of the second pulse generation units receiving a second control signal discharge to form a second pulse applied to the load.

A method for adjusting the operation of a surgical instrument using machine learning in a surgical suite is disclosed.

Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to, for example, a method for determining a temperature distribution across an ablation catheter tip. The method including contacting tissue with a distal tip of an ablation catheter, receiving temperature data from a plurality of thermocouples distributed about the distal tip of the ablation catheter, and based on the received temperature data, determine a temperature distribution across the distal tip of the ablation catheter. Also disclosed is a method of controlling the temperature of an ablation catheter tip while creating a desired lesion using various energy sources and energy delivery methodologies.

A method for controlling a surgical instrument is disclosed. In at least one instance, the surgical instrument comprises a shroud and the operation of the surgical instrument is modified based on input from a sensing circuit configured to sense a parameter of the shroud. In certain instances, the surgical instrument comprises a strain gage circuit and the operation of the surgical instrument is modified based on input from the strain gage circuit.

A laser system may include a controller configured to direct a plurality of temporally spaced-apart electrical pulses to a device that optically pumps a lasing medium, and a lasing medium configured to output a quasi-continuous laser pulse in response to the optical pumping. The plurality of temporally spaced-apart electrical pulses may include (a) a first electrical pulse configured to excite the lasing medium to an energy level below a lasing threshold of the lasing medium, and (b) multiple second electrical pulses following the first electrical pulse. The quasi-continuous laser pulse is output in response to the multiple second electrical pulses.

The invention provides a light generating system (1000) comprising (a) first light generating device (110) and (b) a control system (300), wherein: the first light generating device (110) is configured to generate first device light (111), wherein the first device light (111) comprises light having one or more wavelengths in a first wavelength range of 280-320 nm, wherein the first wavelength range comprises a lower subrange from 11 to 12 and a higher subrange from 21 to 22, wherein 280 nm11<1221<22320 nm, and wherein 12 and 21 are selected from the wavelength range of 290-315 nm, wherein a wavelength dependent radiant flux of the first device light (111) is controllable: the light generating system (1000) is configured to generate system light (1001) comprising at least part of the first device light (111); the control system (300) is configured to control the wavelength dependent radiant flux of the first device light (111) as a function of time, wherein the light gen-crating system (1000) is configured to provide the first device light (111) at a first time t1, at a second time t2, and at a third time t3; wherein the second time t2 is temporally arranged after the first time t1, and the third time t3 is temporally arranged after the second time t2; and wherein the first time t1, the second time t2, and the third time t3 are temporally arranged in a single day; wherein relative to a total radiant flux in the first wavelength range the radiant flux of the first device light (111) in the lower subrange is relatively lower at the first time t1 than at the second time t2, and wherein relative to the total radiant flux in the first wavelength range the radiant flux of the first device light (111) in the higher subrange is relatively higher at the first time t1 than at the second time t2; and/or wherein relative to the total radiant flux in the first wavelength range the radiant flux of the first device light (111) in the lower subrange is relatively higher at the second time t2 than at the third time t3, and wherein relative to the total radiant flux in the first wavelength range the radiant flux of the first device light (111) in the higher subrange is relatively lower at the second time t2 than at the third time t3.

A method of delivering pulsed electric field energy to perform ablation of a tissue includes providing a pulse train to an electrode. The pulse train may include a first set of pulses with a first pulse width to generate first electric field and a second set of pulses with a second pulse width greater than the first pulse width to generate a second electric field. The electrode may be positioned at a same position during generation of the first electric field and the second electric field. The first electric field may be configured to have a higher electroporation effect on the first elongated cells having a first orientation than on second elongated cells having a second orientation. The second electric field may be configured to have a higher electroporation effect on the second cells than on the first cells.

Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to, for example, a method for determining a temperature distribution across an ablation catheter tip. The method including contacting tissue with a distal tip of an ablation catheter, receiving temperature data from a plurality of thermocouples distributed about the distal tip of the ablation catheter, and based on the received temperature data, determine a temperature distribution across the distal tip of the ablation catheter. Also disclosed is a method of controlling the temperature of an ablation catheter tip while creating a desired lesion using various energy sources and energy delivery methodologies.