Aspects of the present disclosure are presented for a single surgical instrument configured to grasp, seal, and/or cut tissue through application of therapeutic energy, and also detect nerves through application of non-therapeutic electrical energy. A medical device may include two jaws at an end effector, used to apply therapeutic energy and to perform surgical procedures. The therapeutic energy may be in the form of ultrasonic vibrations or higher voltage electrosurgical energy. One of the jaws may be configured to cut tissue through application of the blade. In addition, one or both of the two jaws may be configured to apply nontherapeutic energy for nerve stimulation probing. The application of therapeutic energy may be disabled while the nontherapeutic nerve stimulation energy is applied, and vice versa. The nontherapeutic nerve stimulation energy may be applied to the use of one or more probes positioned near one or both of the jaws.

A handheld dissector includes a handle including an elongated cuff disposed at a distal end thereof. The elongated cuff defines an opening extending therethrough configured to receive a tissue specimen. The elongated cuff includes a proximal end including a cavity defined therein configured to receive a crimp ring configured to support a plurality of insulative tubes along an inner peripheral surface thereof. Each tube is configured to insulate a wire disposed therein and configured to extend from a distal end thereof. The crimp ring electrically couples to each wire. The dissector also includes a distal end configured to receive a return ring. An active lead operably couples to the crimp ring and a return lead operably couples to the return ring. An activation switch selectively energizes the dissector.

A bipolar electrosurgical instrument includes a handle portion, a shaft extending from the handle portion, a pad electrode coupled to the distal end of the shaft, and a loop electrode configured to be selectively transitioned from a deployed configuration, wherein the loop electrode extends outwardly from a distal end of the shaft in a manner capable of receiving tissue, to a non-deployed configuration, wherein the loop electrode is disposed proximate to the distal end of the shaft, to treat tissue.

An ablation device of a non-invasive radio-frequency ablation system includes a substrate having a first surface; a first electrode disposed on the first surface; a second electrode disposed on the first surface and adjacent to the first electrode; a moving unit electrically connected to the second electrode for moving the second electrode to regulate the distance between the second electrode and the first electrode; and a radio frequency generator connected to the ablation device for providing a radio frequency current to the first electrode and the second electrode. According to a method using the ablation device, the first and second electrodes are brought into contact with a third surface belonging to a subject in need of treatment, and the radio frequency current is applied to the electrodes to carry out a treatment procedure. The treatment depth and area are adjusted by changing the relative distance between the electrodes.

A conductive coating may be adhered to a structure comprising a hydrophobic and/or adhesion-resistant surface. The conductive coating may have a polymer backbone with conductive particles suspended in the backbone. In some embodiments, the conductive coating may be applied directly to the surface. In other embodiments, the conductive coating may be indirectly applied by first applying a primer adhesive to the outer surface, and then applying the conductive coating over the primer adhesive. An example structure may be a catheter of an endoscopic medical device, such as a bipolar sphincterotome, where the conductive coating functions as a return electrode.

An energy treatment instrument includes: an insertion section, first and second probes, an output section, and an adjuster. The first and second probes are provided on a distal side along the longitudinal axis of the insertion section. The output section is provided on each of the first and second probes, and is configured to output energy to an outside of the first and second probes when supplied with energy. The adjuster is configured to move the first probe in an extending direction of the first probe and to move the second probe in an extending direction of the second probe with an amount of movement which is different from an amount of movement of the first probe, so as to adjust positions of end portions of the first probe and the second probe.

A fluid management system for use in a tissue resection procedure includes a controller. An inflow pump is operated by the controller and configured to provide fluid inflow through a flow path to a site in patient's body. An outflow pump is operated by the controller and configured to provide fluid outflow through a flow path from the site in patient's body. A motor driven resecting device may be provided for resecting tissue at the site. The controller is configured to actuate an inflow pump and an outflow pump in response to various signals and various algorithms are provided to provide malfunction warnings and assure safe operation.

An effector includes a tubular body having a proximal end and a distal end. The effector includes a plug or closure at the distal end of the tubular body; an active electrode at the distal end of the body; an insulator on the body; and one or more return electrodes on the insulator. The body dissipates heat generated by the one or more return electrodes from the distal end of the body to the proximal end of the body.

An electrosurgical system for providing an electrosurgical signal to a patient is disclosed. The electrosurgical system includes a control circuit, wherein the control circuit is programmed to: provide the electrosurgical signal to a first electrode and a second electrode, receive a plurality of input variables, wherein the plurality of input variables are indicative of a short being either present or absent between the first electrode and the second electrode, and apply a short detection algorithm to the plurality of input variables to indicate either a short circuit or no short circuit between the first electrode and the second electrode during the provision of the electrosurgical signal. The plurality of input variables may include at least one impedance level between the first electrode and the second electrodes during the provision of the electrosurgical signal. The short detection algorithm applied may include a fuzzy logic algorithm, a neural network algorithm, or neuro-fuzzy algorithm.

An electrosurgical instrument which is capable of simultaneously ablating an area of tissue with microwave energy and performing resection with RF energy. The instrument comprises a structure for conveying both RF and microwave energy to an instrument tip that is configured to emit the microwave energy in a manner suitable for ablation (e.g. as a substantially spherical field) and to emit the RF energy in a more focussed manner to enable accurate and controllable resection to be performed. The energy conveying structure comprises a coaxial transmission line for conveying microwave energy. The coaxial transmission line has a hollow inner conductor that defines a passage that supports a second transmission line for conveying radiofrequency energy.