A method implemented in an ophthalmic surgical laser system that employs a resonant scanner, scan line rotator, and XY- and Z-scanners, for forming a corneal flap in a patient's eye with improved bubble management during each step of the flap creation process. A pocket cut is formed first below bed level, followed by the bed connected to the pocket cut, then by a side cut extending from the bed to the anterior corneal surface. The pocket cut includes a pocket region located below the bed level and a ramp region connecting the pocket region to the bed. The bed is formed by a hinge cut and a first ring cut at lower laser energies, followed by a bed cut and then a second ring cut, which ensures that any location in the flap bed is cut twice to minimize tissue adhesion. The side cut is formed by multiple side-cut layers at different depths which are joined together. All cuts are formed by scanning a laser scan line generated by the resonant scanner.

Methods and apparatus for dermatological laser treatment, e.g. for the removal of unwanted tattoos or other skin pigmentation. Removal of multiple colors with a single pulsed laser beam may be achieved using intensities in excess of about 50 GB/cm.sup.2. Methods for reducing the pain and tissue damage associated with laser tattoo removal include using a spot size of less than 2 mm with a fluence in the range of 0.5-10 J/cm.sup.2. Scanning the laser beam over an area of skin to be treated allows such areas to be treated accurately with scanning patterns calculated to promote rapid dissipation of heat away from treated portions of the skin. Multiple treatment rooms may be served by a single pulsed treatment laser by beam toggling, splitting or pulse-picking to minimise downtime of the laser.

A system includes a focus optic configured to converge an electromagnetic radiation (EMR) beam to a focal region located along an optical axis. The system also includes a detector configured to detect a signal radiation emanating from a predetermined location along the optical axis. The system additionally includes a controller configured to adjust a parameter of the EMR beam based in part on the signal radiation detected by the detector. The system also includes a window located a predetermined depth away from the focal region, between the focal region and the focus optic along the optical axis, wherein the window is configured to make contact with a surface of a tissue.

A trans-oral surgery device has a scaffold insertable into the vicinity of the larynx or hypopharynx of a subject. A support is arranged for holding a flexible optical fiber for delivering light to the subject. A plurality of tendons is connected to the support, and slidably anchors the support to the scaffold. The tendons are adjustable to move the support relative to the scaffold. The scaffold is provided at the front end of a blade, and the blade is non-straight.

Apparatus and techniques described herein can include delivery of a surgical laser beam for tissue excision or to facilitate hemostasis. The surgical laser beam can be generated, for example, using an ultrafast laser source. Such an approach can provide non-invasive treatment in relation to, for example, aerodigestive anatomy, such as for treatment of laryngeal, oropharyngeal, bronchial, and oral cavity tissues. Other generally available laser sources and their associated treatments may present various drawbacks making them less suitable for treatment for laryngeal, pharyngeal or bronchial pathologies, and use of the apparatus and techniques described herein can address such drawbacks.

In certain embodiments, an ophthalmic laser surgical system for treating a floater in a vitreous of an eye includes a floater detection system, a laser device, and a computer. The floater detection system determines the location of the floater in the vitreous of the eye. The laser device directs a laser beam along a laser beam path towards the floater. The computer accesses a three-dimensional scan pattern for the laser beam that yields a three-dimensional pulse pattern of laser pulses. The three-dimensional pulse pattern has a bubble shield pulse pattern at the posterior side of the three-dimensional pulse pattern. The bubble shield pulse pattern forms a bubble shield that reduces laser radiation exposure at a retina of the eye. The computer instructs the laser device to direct the laser beam towards the floater according to the three-dimensional scan pattern.

An ophthalmic laser system and related method for performing corneal lenticule incision and extraction for treating hyperopia and mixed astigmatism of the eye are described. Various techniques are used to optimize the procedure for concave lenticule incisions. One technique employs a fast-scan-slow-sweep scanning scheme to form the lenticule incisions, where the sweep angle increment is set to ensure at least double-pass cut for the entire lenticule. Another technique allows for desired distribution of refractive powers between the top and bottom lenticule incisions. Other techniques configure the lenticule such that its edge thickness is a constant; or such that the highest point of the top lenticule incision, located near the lenticule periphery, is at a predefined depth below the anterior corneal surface; or to maximize lenticule thickness for refractive treatment while ensuring that minimum anterior depth and minimum residual bed thickness in the peripheral region of the lenticule are maintained.