Medical treatment devices for treating a tissue are disclosed. The medical treatment devices may comprise an optical fiber with a treatment section as well as an illumination source configured to deliver electromagnetic radiation through the optical fiber to apply a specified treatment. The treatment section may comprise at least one element with a refractive index that may be different from a refractive index of the optical fiber and/or may be same as the refractive index of the optical fiber. A spatial configuration of the optical and the at least one element within the treatment section of the medical treatment device and/or optical properties of the optical fiber and/or the at least one element may determine an emission region through the treatment section. The emission region may be radial (or at least have a radial component) with respect to a cross-section of the optical fiber.

The present invention relates to an endoscope (2) having first conduction means configured to transmit electromagnetic waves between an illumination device (40) for illuminating an observation area (41) and a distal end (5) of the endoscope (2), and second conduction means configured to transmit electromagnetic waves between a therapy device (42) for treating a therapy area (43) within the observation area (41) and the distal end (5) of the endoscope (82). The endoscope is characterized by a third conduction means configured to transmit electromagnetic waves between an optical coherence tomography device (37) by means of which depth information about said area can be obtained during treatment of the therapy area (43) and the distal end (5) of the endoscope (2).

A method of killing cancer cells quickly without damaging cell structures and doing little or no damage to surrounding tissue. A high energy UV light with little to no heat is utilized.

Devices and methods are discussed directed to the use of a low profile laser ablation catheter for use in laser ablation removal of arterial plaque blockages to restore blood flow in the treatment of arteriovenous fistulas. Also discussed are devices and methods directed to packaging, long term storage and sterilization of liquid core ablation catheters.

Apparatus, systems and methods for fracturing calcium in an artery of a patient. Certain embodiments include a diode laser light source and an optical fiber. In particular embodiments, the optical fiber comprises a polymer or glass optical core, a cladding surrounding the polymer or glass optical core. The optical fiber can comprise one or more emission elements configured to emit electromagnetic energy from the laser light source. The electromagnetic energy can be transmitted through a fluid in the expandable member to fracture the calcium.

In one aspect of the present disclosure, a laser fiber may include an optical fiber. The optical fiber may include a proximal portion. The optical fiber also may include a distal portion having a distal end. The optical fiber may be configured to transmit laser energy from the proximal portion to the distal portion for emission of the laser energy from the distal end. The optical fiber also may include a distal tip surrounding the distal portion to protect the distal portion. The distal tip may include a sheet glass material having a laser energy emitting surface. The laser energy emitting surface may be defined by a chemically-strengthened surface layer.

An end-firing optical fiber includes protective ferrule through which treatment radiation is fired in an axial direction, the protective ferrule having refractive properties that cause the radiation to disperse laterally and/or the fiber having sufficient flexibility to enable the fiber to be aimed at a tissue situated to the side of the axis along which the fiber was inserted. The fiber and protective ferrule may be mounted in a cannula, with the cannula being sufficiently flexible to enable the cannula to be withdrawn into a scope having a straight working channel, but has a pre-formed curvature that enables treatment of lateral tissues when the cannula is extended out of a scope.

Disclosed herein are optical assemblies having thin, low profile shapes. These optical assemblies may be used with fiber coupled lasers and other light sources, including high power sources, to irradiate tissue at a wavelength suitable for inducing ablation or coagulation to a target depth, denaturation, thermal modification of a tissue, and/or preferential injury to a target tissue structure. Example optical assemblies can produce substantially uniform illumination patterns that are useful for treating superficial tissue, including the internal or luminal (e.g., esophageal) tissue. Some examples may have capability for cooling superficial tissue or skin, such as a detachable, reusable heat sink for active cooling without consumables, fluid pumps, or other cooling equipment.

A waveguide for high efficiency transmission of high energy light useful in ablation procedures at predetermined bandwidths over predetermined distances comprising: an optical fiber core; a silanization agent; layered cladding surrounding the optical fiber core comprising: a first thin metal layer comprising at least two types of metals the first thin metal layer covalently bonded to the core and a second thin metal layer bonded to the second metal layer, and a catalyst component; wherein the silanization agent comprising organofunctional alkoxysilane molecule, such as 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS), is a self supporting bridge between the surface of the optical fiber and the first metal layer; the first metal layer is uniformly chemisorbed onto the surface of the optical fiber by means of covalent SiOSi bonds with the optical fiber; further wherein the catalyst component derived from an activation solution for enhancing the layered cladding upon the optical fiber.

Radial emission optical fiber terminations that include conical elements can prevent axial emission and redirect all incident light to radial positions. One termination includes an optical fiber having an up-tapered terminus, the up-tapered terminus having a maximum taper diameter of at least 1.5 times the core diameter and ending at a cone-tip which has an apex angle in a range of about 70 to about 100. Another termination includes a fiber cap that is a unitary construction of a glass tube and an optical element that bisects the glass tube. The glass tube includes an open end adapted to receive an optical fiber and a closed end. The optical element, consisting of fused quartz or fused silica, has an input face proximal to the open end of the glass tube and a conical face proximal to the closed end of the glass tube.