A camera tracking system for computer assisted navigation during surgery. The camera tracking system includes a processor operative to receive streams of video frames from tracking cameras which image a plurality of physical objects arranged as a reference array. For each of the physical objects imaged in a sequence of the video frames, that processor determines a set of coordinates for the physical object over the sequence of the video frames. For each of the physical objects, the processor generates an arithmetic combination of the set of coordinates for the physical object. The processor generates an array template identifying coordinates of the physical objects based on the arithmetic combinations of the sets of coordinates for the physical objects, and tracks pose of the physical objects of the reference array over time based on comparison of the array template to the reference array imaged in the streams of video frames.

A medical robot system, including a robot coupled to an effectuator element with the robot configured for controlled movement and positioning. The system may include a transmitter configured to emit one or more signals, and the transmitter is coupled to an instrument coupled to the effectuator element. The system may further include a motor assembly coupled to the robot and a plurality of receivers configured to receive the one or more signals emitted by the transmitter. A control unit is coupled to the motor assembly and the plurality of receivers, and the control unit is configured to supply one or more instruction signals to the motor assembly. The instruction signals can be configured to cause the motor assembly to selectively move the effectuator element and is further configured to (i) calculate a position of the at least one transmitter by analysis of the signals received by the plurality of receivers; (ii) display the position of the at least one transmitter with respect to the body of the patient; and (iii) selectively control actuation of the motor assembly in response to the signals received by the plurality of receivers.

A surgical instrument comprises a first member extending between a proximal end and a distal end configured for fixation with tissue. A second member defines a longitudinal passageway and is connected with a navigation component such that the distal end is disposable with the passageway at a selected distance from the navigation component. The navigation component is positioned relative to a sensor to communicate a signal representative of an orientation of the first member. A third member extends between a proximal end and a distal end. The third member is mountable with the first member along the orientation such that the distal end of the third member is engageable with the tissue. Systems, spinal implants, constructs and methods are disclosed.

A method of treating a bone fracture includes taking a first 2D image of an implant and a reference body with an imaging device; creating a 3D orientation of the reference body and the implant based on the 2D image; determining an actual axis of delivery of a bone screw through an opening extending through the implant; determining an optimal axis of delivery of the bone screw through the opening such that the optimal axis of delivery guides the bone screw toward a medically optimal location; and moving the implant such that the optimal axis of delivery and the actual axis of delivery coincide.

A surgical robotic system includes a robotic arm, an injection needle supported by the robotic arm, a localization system, an imaging system, at least one control unit. The at least one control unit is configured to perform at least one controlled loop carried out after a dispense of cement with the injection needle, in the region of interest of a patient. This controlled loop includes imaging the region of interest, with the imaging system, to provide an updated set of imaging data; using at least partially the updated set of imaging data to calculate an updated set of injection parameters; and using at least one parameter of the updated set of injection parameters to control the dispense of cement through the injection needle. Also disclosed is a method for controlling a surgical robotic system.

System and method of more efficiently identifying and segmenting anatomical structures from 2-D cone beam CT images, rather than from reconstructed 3-D volume data, is disclosed. An image processing system receives, from a cone beam CT device, at least one 2-D x-ray image, which is part of a set of x-ray images taken from a 360 degree scan of a patient with a cone beam CT imaging device. The x-ray image contains at least one anatomical structure such as vertebral bodies to be segmented. The received x-ray is then analyzed in order to identify and segment the anatomical structure contained in the x-ray image based on a stored model of anatomical structures. Once the 360 degree spin is completed, a 3-D image volume from the x-ray image set is created. The identification and segmentation information derived from the x-ray image is then added to the created 3-D image volume.

Systems and methods for attaching a reference marker to a patient in a computer-assisted image-guided surgery system. An apparatus for attaching a reference marker to a patient includes an elongated member extending between a first end and a second end, a sharp tip located proximate to the first end of the elongated member that is configured to break through a cortical surface of a bone of the patient to enable the elongated member to be advanced into the bone, an anchoring device that is extendable from the elongated member in order to anchor the apparatus within the bone and inhibit relative movement of the apparatus and the bone, and a reference marker device comprising at least one optical marker configured to enable the apparatus to be tracked using a motion tracking system.

Methods and apparatus for treating disorders of the ear, nose, throat or paranasal sinuses, including methods and apparatus for dilating ostia, passageways and other anatomical structures, endoscopic methods and apparatus for endoscopic visualization of structures within the ear, nose, throat or paranasal sinuses, navigation devices for use in conjunction with image guidance or navigation system and hand held devices having pistol type grips and other handpieces.

A segmental tracking method includes receiving first image data corresponding to a surgical site comprising at least one anatomical object, the first image data generated using a first imaging modality; receiving second image data corresponding to the surgical site, the second image data generating using a second imaging modality different than the first imaging modality; correlating a representation of the at least one anatomical object in the second image data to a representation of the at least one anatomical object in the first image data; and updating a digital model of the at least one anatomical object based on the correlation.

The disclosure relates to a medical engineering robot, a medical system, a method for operation thereof, a corresponding computer program, and a corresponding computer-readable storage medium. By controlling a pose of an instrument arm of the robot relative to a respective examination object to be treated or to be examined by the robot, the disclosure makes provision for automatically bringing the instrument arm into contact with the examination object and through this for setting a predetermined pose of the examination object.