This invention provides a high molecular weight polysaccharide capable of binding to and inhibiting virus and related pharmaceutical formulations and methods of inhibiting viral infectivity and/or pathogenicity, as well as immunogenic compositions. The invention further includes methods of inhibiting the growth of cancer cells and of ameliorating a symptom of aging. Additionally, the invention provides methods of detecting and/or quantifying and/or isolating viruses.

Methods of treating a gastrointestinal spasm in a subject are provided. The methods can include administering an effective amount of a formulation to treat the gastrointestinal spasm, the formulation having a tannin combined with a hydrogen donor in a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient as a binding pair, the tannin releasing in an oxidized state from the hydrogen donor after oral administration of the formulation in the subject; wherein, the composition at least inhibits a gastrointestinal spasm in the subject when compared to a second subject in a control group in which the composition was not administered.

Methods of treating a gastrointestinal spasm in a subject are provided. The methods can include administering an effective amount of a formulation to treat the gastrointestinal spasm, the formulation having a tannin combined with a hydrogen donor in a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient as a binding pair, the tannin releasing in an oxidized state from the hydrogen donor after oral administration of the formulation in the subject; wherein, the composition at least inhibits a gastrointestinal spasm in the subject when compared to a second subject in a control group in which the composition was not administered.

Methods of treating a gastrointestinal spasm in a subject are provided. The methods can include administering an effective amount of a formulation to treat the gastrointestinal spasm, the formulation having a tannin combined with a hydrogen donor in a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient as a binding pair, the tannin releasing in an oxidized state from the hydrogen donor after oral administration of the formulation in the subject; wherein, the composition at least inhibits a gastrointestinal spasm in the subject when compared to a second subject in a control group in which the composition was not administered.

Provided is a pharmaceutical composition for use in a method of preventing or treating a urinary tract infection (UTI), chronic cystitis, overactive bladder, partial bladder obstruction or urethritis, said composition comprising one or more oligomeric tannins, selected from proanthocyanidins and/or hydrolysable tannins, where in said method said composition is administered intraurethrally, intravesically, intraureterally and/or intrarenally, as well as a pharmaceutical composition for use in a method of preventing or treating bladder cancer, where in said method said composition is administered intravesically, said composition comprising one or more oligomeric tannins, selected from proanthocyanidins and/or hydrolysable tannins, wherein said tannins are bound to an anti-cancer agent and/or liposomes containing an anti-cancer agent, together with compositions related thereto.

The present invention provides methods for modulating the immune response of a subject to a therapeutic agent, the method comprising administering an effective amount of a triphenylethylene (TRIP) compound with an effective amount of the therapeutic agent. In particular embodiments, the TRIP compound enhances the immune response of the subject to the therapeutic agent. In some embodiments, the TRIP compound is administered in different dosing schedules to provide a biphasic immunomodulation effect.

The present invention provides methods for modulating the immune response of a subject to a therapeutic agent, the method comprising administering an effective amount of a triphenylethylene (TRIP) compound with an effective amount of the therapeutic agent. In particular embodiments, the TRIP compound enhances the immune response of the subject to the therapeutic agent. In some embodiments, the TRIP compound is administered in different dosing schedules to provide a biphasic immunomodulation effect.

A cannabinoid material as active agent containing formulation comprising the active agent, an HFA propellant, and optionally a co-solvent is disclosed. Also disclosed is an inhalation method of administration of the formulation without the use of heat greater than 50° C.

The present invention refers to the use of PTER, or any acceptable salt thereof, optionally in combination with QUER, or any acceptable salt thereof, for the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions for preventing and/or treating skin diseases, damages or injuries. Those methods of prevention and/or treatment comprise the administration of an effective amount of a composition comprising PTER as active compound, or any acceptable salt thereof, optionally in combination with QUER, or any acceptable salt thereof, to the subject. The present invention also refers to the compositions, per se, comprising PTER as active compound, or any acceptable salt thereof, optionally in combination with QUER, or any acceptable slat thereof, characterized by being formulated in the form of liposomes, and to the method for preparing said liposome formulations.

The present invention refers to the use of PTER, or any acceptable salt thereof, optionally in combination with QUER, or any acceptable salt thereof, for the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions for preventing and/or treating skin diseases, damages or injuries. Those methods of prevention and/or treatment comprise the administration of an effective amount of a composition comprising PTER as active compound, or any acceptable salt thereof, optionally in combination with QUER, or any acceptable salt thereof, to the subject. The present invention also refers to the compositions, per se, comprising PTER as active compound, or any acceptable salt thereof, optionally in combination with QUER, or any acceptable slat thereof, characterized by being formulated in the form of liposomes, and to the method for preparing said liposome formulations.