The present inventions provides drug-drug conjugates, drug-porphyrin conjugates, nanoparticles of the conjugates, as well as modified nanoparticles having PEGylated exteriors or encapsulated by red blood cell vesicles. The conjugates, nanoparticles and nanocarriers are useful for treating cancers and other diseases, as well as for imaging diseased tissue or organs.

Opioid-free, anesthetic, analgesic, antalgesic, anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antiemetic formulations, and methods for reducing pain, controlling pain, preventing pain, reducing or eliminating exposure to opioids, decreasing nausea and vomiting, featuring administration of the anesthetic/analgesic formulations. The opioid-free/sparing anesthetic/analgesic formulations comprise a local anesthetic, a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, and an alpha agonist. The formulations may optionally comprise additional compositions including but not limited to NMDA receptor antagonists, Buprenorphine, Dexketoprofen, Carprofen, an antifibrinolytic, an antibiotic, a steroid, a cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor, a Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid (TRPV) receptor agonist or antagonist, a protein kinase inhibitor, a competitive or non-competitive glycine or glutamate agonist, a glutamate or glycine inhibitor or antagonist, a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, an alpha agonist, a second alpha agonist, and combinations thereof. The formulations are effective for significantly reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting and enhancing postoperative pain relief as compared to existing prior art anesthetics/analgesics.

Opioid-free, anesthetic, analgesic, antalgesic, anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antiemetic formulations, and methods for reducing pain, controlling pain, preventing pain, reducing or eliminating exposure to opioids, decreasing nausea and vomiting, featuring administration of the anesthetic/analgesic formulations. The opioid-free/sparing anesthetic/analgesic formulations comprise a local anesthetic, a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, and an alpha agonist. The formulations may optionally comprise additional compositions including but not limited to NMDA receptor antagonists, Buprenorphine, Dexketoprofen, Carprofen, an antifibrinolytic, an antibiotic, a steroid, a cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor, a Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid (TRPV) receptor agonist or antagonist, a protein kinase inhibitor, a competitive or non-competitive glycine or glutamate agonist, a glutamate or glycine inhibitor or antagonist, a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, an alpha agonist, a second alpha agonist, and combinations thereof. The formulations are effective for significantly reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting and enhancing postoperative pain relief as compared to existing prior art anesthetics/analgesics.

Using one or more parasympathomimetic drugs alone or together, or in combination with one or more alpha agonists to create optically beneficial miosis to temporarily create multifocality in a pseudophakic patient to treat presbyopia. A pharmaceutical preparation comprising a therapeutically effective amount of one or more parasympathomimetic drugs or cholinesterase inhibitors, alone or in combination with or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with one or more alpha agonists or antagonists, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. A method for creating multifocality in a pseudophakic patient, reducing symptoms of presbyopia in a patient having an eye or both eyes through administering to an eye or eyes a pharmaceutically effective amount of the ophthalmic preparation is also disclosed.

A composition containing a compound represented by General Formula (I) below (see the definition in the specification for the symbols in the formula) or a salt thereof has an excellent CaSR agonistic effect and provides a pharmaceutical agent, a CaSR agonistic agent, a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for a disease that can be ameliorated through CaSR activation as well as seasonings and an agent for imparting kokumi. ##STR00001##

A composition containing a compound represented by General Formula (I) below (see the definition in the specification for the symbols in the formula) or a salt thereof has an excellent CaSR agonistic effect and provides a pharmaceutical agent, a CaSR agonistic agent, a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for a disease that can be ameliorated through CaSR activation as well as seasonings and an agent for imparting kokumi. ##STR00001##

Among others, the present invention provides novel methods for extending lifespan or improving healthspan in a mammal, which include administration to the mammal of a composition containing a therapeutically effective amount of ergothioneine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid, ester, analog or derivative thereof.

Among others, the present invention provides novel methods for extending lifespan or improving healthspan in a mammal, which include administration to the mammal of a composition containing a therapeutically effective amount of ergothioneine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid, ester, analog or derivative thereof.

The present disclosure provides peripherally acting cannabidiol (CBD)-containing compositions and methods of using thereof for treating or enhancing female sexual function. In some embodiments, the compositions are provided in the form of a lotion, containing highly CBD-loaded liposomes, which is applied to female genitalia shortly prior to sexual activity.

The present disclosure provides peripherally acting cannabidiol (CBD)-containing compositions and methods of using thereof for treating or enhancing female sexual function. In some embodiments, the compositions are provided in the form of a lotion, containing highly CBD-loaded liposomes, which is applied to female genitalia shortly prior to sexual activity.