Glutathione deficiencies and deficiencies in glutathione synthetase activity, and therapeutic methods for the treatment thereof.

A pharmaceutical composition or a cosmetic composition for treating hair loss, or promoting hair growth is described. The composition according to the present invention exhibits an excellent effect of treating hair loss and promoting hair growth, and can be safely used regardless of sex and age.

A pharmaceutical composition or a cosmetic composition for treating hair loss, or promoting hair growth is described. The composition according to the present invention exhibits an excellent effect of treating hair loss and promoting hair growth, and can be safely used regardless of sex and age.

A multicomponent treatment program for kidney patients in Stages 3, 4, 4a, 4b, and 5, who are not on dialysis, comprising administering daily a: low nitrogen diet; low nitrogen protein food comprising magnesium and/or calcium salts of alpha keto acids; and time released vitamin. The vitamin comprises the active ingredients of: Zinc; Selenium; Vitamins B1, B2, B6, B12, B5, E, and K2; Niacin; superoxide dismutase; catalase; glutathione and Folate; and excludes calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, manganese, fluoride, Vitamin D and K1. The low nitrogen food contains daily up to 300 mg of nitrogen; and at least five alpha keto analogues of magnesium and/or calcium salts of: leucine, isoleucine, methionine (MEMS-II), phenylalanine (PAMS-I), and valine. Methods of making and the chemical structures MEMS-II and the PAMS-I are disclosed. The treatment results in an increase of Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), a decrease in blood urea levels, and a decrease in creatinine levels.

A multicomponent treatment program for kidney patients in Stages 3, 4, 4a, 4b, and 5, who are not on dialysis, comprising administering daily a: low nitrogen diet; low nitrogen protein food comprising magnesium and/or calcium salts of alpha keto acids; and time released vitamin. The vitamin comprises the active ingredients of: Zinc; Selenium; Vitamins B1, B2, B6, B12, B5, E, and K2; Niacin; superoxide dismutase; catalase; glutathione and Folate; and excludes calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, manganese, fluoride, Vitamin D and K1. The low nitrogen food contains daily up to 300 mg of nitrogen; and at least five alpha keto analogues of magnesium and/or calcium salts of: leucine, isoleucine, methionine (MEMS-II), phenylalanine (PAMS-I), and valine. Methods of making and the chemical structures MEMS-II and the PAMS-I are disclosed. The treatment results in an increase of Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), a decrease in blood urea levels, and a decrease in creatinine levels.

This disclosure provides compositions comprising amino acid entities. The disclosure also provides methods for increasing myogenesis, increasing muscle protein synthesis, increasing muscle mass, improving muscle quality or enhancing muscle function comprising administering an effective amount of the compositions to a subject in need thereof.

This disclosure provides compositions comprising amino acid entities. The disclosure also provides methods for increasing myogenesis, increasing muscle protein synthesis, increasing muscle mass, improving muscle quality or enhancing muscle function comprising administering an effective amount of the compositions to a subject in need thereof.

This disclosure provides compositions comprising amino acid entities. The disclosure also provides methods for increasing myogenesis, increasing muscle protein synthesis, increasing muscle mass, improving muscle quality or enhancing muscle function comprising administering an effective amount of the compositions to a subject in need thereof.

Provided is a novel means of inhibiting fertilized egg fragmentation. The present invention provides an inhibitor of fertilized egg fragmentation, said inhibitor comprising selenoneine or ergothioneine, a tautomer or dimer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the same as an active agent.

Methods and uses of compositions (e.g. comprising one or more microbial strains, one or more components, one or more metabolites, or a combination thereof) for treating neurodegenerative diseases, disorders, and conditions are disclosed.