Disclosed are a class of anti-HBV tetrahydroisoxazolo[4,3-c]pyridine compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof or isomers thereof, the compounds being represented by the formula (I). ##STR00001##

The present invention is directed to a method of treatment, including prevention or reducing the likelihood of adverse effects of chemotherapy comprising reducing and/or inhibiting chemotherapy-induced adverse effects (CIAE), especially central nervous system adverse effects, such as cognitive effects (especially chemotherapy induced cognitive impairment or CICI, also referred to as reduced cognition, cognitive impairment or chemobrain) by administering to the patient in need, including co-administering to the subject in need a pharmaceutically effective amount of a protein kinase C (PKC, often, PKC α and/or β) inhibitor, alone or in combination with a lithium salt. Related pharmaceutical compositions are also provided by the present invention.

The present invention is directed to a method of treatment, including prevention or reducing the likelihood of adverse effects of chemotherapy comprising reducing and/or inhibiting chemotherapy-induced adverse effects (CIAE), especially central nervous system adverse effects, such as cognitive effects (especially chemotherapy induced cognitive impairment or CICI, also referred to as reduced cognition, cognitive impairment or chemobrain) by administering to the patient in need, including co-administering to the subject in need a pharmaceutically effective amount of a protein kinase C (PKC, often, PKC α and/or β) inhibitor, alone or in combination with a lithium salt. Related pharmaceutical compositions are also provided by the present invention.

In various implementations, a composition comprising R-beta-hydroxybutyrate, related compounds, and/or one or more other compounds may be administered to an individual to cause weight loss, weight maintenance, elevate blood ketone levels, maintain blood ketone levels, reduce blood glucose levels, maintain blood glucose levels, improve energy, focus, mood, cognitive function, or aide with neurological or inflammatory disorders and/or combinations thereof. The composition may include sodium R-beta-hydroxybutyrate salts; potassium R-beta-hydroxybutyrate; and one or more other salts of R-beta-hydroxybutyrate.

In various implementations, a composition comprising R-beta-hydroxybutyrate, related compounds, and/or one or more other compounds may be administered to an individual to cause weight loss, weight maintenance, elevate blood ketone levels, maintain blood ketone levels, reduce blood glucose levels, maintain blood glucose levels, improve energy, focus, mood, cognitive function, or aide with neurological or inflammatory disorders and/or combinations thereof. The composition may include sodium R-beta-hydroxybutyrate salts; potassium R-beta-hydroxybutyrate; and one or more other salts of R-beta-hydroxybutyrate.

The invention provides methods for treating various conditions using derivatives of cyclopamine having the following formula: ##STR00001##

The invention provides methods for treating various conditions using derivatives of cyclopamine having the following formula: ##STR00001##

Methods and compositions for agonizing a type-2 orexin receptor (OX2R) in a cell determined to be in need thereof, including the general method of (a) administering to a subject a cyclic guanidinyl OX2R agonist and (b) detecting a resultant enhanced wakefulness or increased resistance to diet-induced accumulation of body fat, or abbreviated recovery from general anesthesia or jet lag.

Methods and compositions for agonizing a type-2 orexin receptor (OX2R) in a cell determined to be in need thereof, including the general method of (a) administering to a subject a cyclic guanidinyl OX2R agonist and (b) detecting a resultant enhanced wakefulness or increased resistance to diet-induced accumulation of body fat, or abbreviated recovery from general anesthesia or jet lag.

A method of treating cancer or metastasis is provided involving administering at least one oncostatin M (OSM) antagonist to a subject, wherein the subject has been diagnosed with cancer. Administration of an OSM antagonist such as a small molecule pharmaceutical is provided as well as an anti-OSM antibody, an anti-OSM aptamer, and an OSM mRNA antagonist. The OSM antagonists were found to inhibit or prevent tumor cell detachment, progression, proliferation and metastasis in several cancer types.