Embodiments of the invention are directed to the treatment of subjects with prostate cancer, in particular those with castration resistant prostate cancer, with glucocorticoid receptor antagonists. The prostate cancer may be one that has become resistant to androgen deprivation therapy, for example, by increase in glucocorticoid receptor expression and/or activity.

Embodiments of the invention are directed to the treatment of subjects with prostate cancer, in particular those with castration resistant prostate cancer, with glucocorticoid receptor antagonists. The prostate cancer may be one that has become resistant to androgen deprivation therapy, for example, by increase in glucocorticoid receptor expression and/or activity.

The present application provides novel compounds and methods for preparing and using these compounds. In one embodiment, the compounds are of the structure of formula (I), wherein R.sup.1-R.sup.4 are defined herein. In a further embodiment, these compounds are useful in method for regulating one or both of the P2X.sub.3 or P2X.sub.2/3 receptors. In another embodiment, these compounds are useful for treating pain in patients by administering one or more of the compounds to a patient.

##STR00001##

The present application provides novel compounds and methods for preparing and using these compounds. In one embodiment, the compounds are of the structure of formula (I), wherein R.sup.1-R.sup.4 are defined herein. In a further embodiment, these compounds are useful in method for regulating one or both of the P2X.sub.3 or P2X.sub.2/3 receptors. In another embodiment, these compounds are useful for treating pain in patients by administering one or more of the compounds to a patient.

##STR00001##

Provided herein are methods of treating neurodevelopmental disorders, including the treatment of Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), with pharmaceutical compositions containing heat shock protein (Hsp) inhibitors and/or mTOR inhibitors. Also provided herein are methods for inhibiting mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity and/or increasing or normalizing ciliation.

Provided are methods for reducing substance consumption by subjects. In some embodiments, the presently disclosed methods include administering to a subject in need thereof a composition that includes an effective amount of an inhibitor of an EHMT2/G9A biological activity. In some embodiments, the inhibitor of an EHMT2/G9A biological activity is a small molecule inhibitor, a nucleic acid-based inhibitor, and anti-EHMT2/G9A antibody or a fragment or derivative thereof, or any combination thereof. Also provided are methods for reducing relapse vulnerability in subjects that have Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) and/or another substance use disorder. In some embodiments, the presently disclosed methods further include administering at least one additional therapy to subjects, including but not limited to behavioral therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapies.

Provided are methods for reducing substance consumption by subjects. In some embodiments, the presently disclosed methods include administering to a subject in need thereof a composition that includes an effective amount of an inhibitor of an EHMT2/G9A biological activity. In some embodiments, the inhibitor of an EHMT2/G9A biological activity is a small molecule inhibitor, a nucleic acid-based inhibitor, and anti-EHMT2/G9A antibody or a fragment or derivative thereof, or any combination thereof. Also provided are methods for reducing relapse vulnerability in subjects that have Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) and/or another substance use disorder. In some embodiments, the presently disclosed methods further include administering at least one additional therapy to subjects, including but not limited to behavioral therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapies.

To provide a method for treating cancer using a pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine compound or a salt thereof. The present invention provides an antitumor agent comprising a pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine compound of formula (I) wherein X, Y, Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2, Z.sub.3, Z.sub.4, W, n, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 have meanings as defined in the present specification, or a salt thereof and other antitumor agent(s) for combined administration.

To provide a method for treating cancer using a pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine compound or a salt thereof. The present invention provides an antitumor agent comprising a pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine compound of formula (I) wherein X, Y, Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2, Z.sub.3, Z.sub.4, W, n, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 have meanings as defined in the present specification, or a salt thereof and other antitumor agent(s) for combined administration.

The invention provides compositions comprising a single protein having one or more molecules of a pharmaceutical agent tightly bound therein. The compositions are useful to decrease the toxicity and/or to widen the therapeutic window of the pharmaceutical agent. The invention also provides methods for preparing such a composition.